No. 4 (2024)

The goal of this article is to develop an authorial definition of ‘smart governance’ of urban development within the framework of the concept of ‘responsible development’, developed by the IMEMO RAS scientific school. The priorities of this concept are the use of intangible development resources, achieving a balanced growth model, and creating conditions for dialogue between development actors. The author relies on the identity and actor approach, the theory of communicative action by J. Habermas; methods of content analysis, comparative method, and in-depth interviews are used. The scientific discourse in the field of smart governance has been analyzed, and three main directions of conceptualizing the concept have been identified. The main characteristics (principles) of the author’s vision of smart governance within the framework of the concept of responsible development are formulated: 1) reliance of governance on scientific and expert interdisciplinary knowledge, as well as on the principles of evidence-based public policy; 2) formation of an understanding of the requests and interests of various development actors, ensuring correct communication, dialogue, and feedback; 3) formation of a positive development identity; 4) focus on the development of human potential and innovation culture based on intangible development resources, such as digital technologies. Using these principles as a basis for a matrix of analysis of managerial practices, the author studies a case from managerial practice - the project “Leaders of Digital transformation”. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the presence or absence of signs of smart governance in the project, and, if they are present, to determine the main factors of the project’s success in this context. To do this, tasks were set to identify the key narratives of the project, setting the framework for the interaction of its participants, as well as to identify the development actors involved in the project, the formats of their participation in the project, and models of their interaction. The study concluded that the analyzed managerial practice contains all the main characteristics of smart governance for the purposes of responsible development, and the main factors of its success in the context of this concept are the formation and development of a sustainable community, the construction of a space for informal dialogue and strengthening interper-sonal ties, and providing opportunities for personal development through participation in the life of the city and its business ecosystem.

The article examines the organizational and methodological support for contests of social projects of non-governmental non-profit organizations, which have been organized since 2017 by Russia's largest grant-giver, the Presidential Grants Foundation. The elements of modern methodology of social design, methods of analysis of scientific literature, statistical analysis, included observation are used. Research results: the "bottlenecks" of the methodology of expertise, monitoring and evaluation of social projects submitted to the Presidential Grants Fund competition are identified and characterized, including: failure to take into account the specifics of a non-profit organization, the level of its current financing when evaluating project applications; inaccuracies and "weak links" in the conceptual apparatus of social design; methodologically incorrect interpretation of the category "impact assessment"; a formal approach to its organization that does not correspond to the essence of monitoring; lack of clear selection criteria and a mechanism for rotating the fund's experts the unproductiveness of the evidence-based approach used to identify the best social projects; the uneven organization of the distribution of grant funds across the regions of Russia. It is argued that the identified organizational and methodological shortcomings have a negative impact on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of social design of non-governmental non-profit organizations with the support of the Presidential Grants Fund, causing problems of technologization of grant writing, formalization of reporting on grants received, contributing to the growth of imbalances in the distribution of funds between organizations and regions, replication of «twin projects».

The article studies the problems of identification and regulation of trends in the development of human resources potential of the macro-regional ecosystem, which are relevant in the conditions of digitalization and constantly changing macro-environment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key trends in the development of human resources potential of macro-regions in the context of modern global challenges and to substantiate the core tasks of macro-regional management, the solution of which will help to attract quality personnel to the regions and adapt the best regulatory practices to the solution of key managerial tasks. The research methodology is based on the conceptual provisions of the theory of human resource management, revealing the essence of the organizational approach to the human resources potential management. On the basis of the analysis of innovative experience of labor market regulation in the conditions of digitalization, the staffing strategies of macro-regional management are proposed and substantiated, allowing to adapt to new digital trends and changes in the sphere of work with personnel, including through the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies and big data analytics. The range of current variant challenges has been identified, the timely response to which requires the correction of regional HR strategies for the smooth functioning of the economy. The importance of the research results lies in the proposal of measures to adapt the best regulatory practices to manage the development of human resources potential of the southern macro-region of Russia in the context of the challenges that emerged during the accession of new territories - such as active restructuring of the human resources reserve of the macro-region, the emergence of a job vacancy market in the new territories, resulting in an imbalance in the labor market. The implementation of the proposed activities will contribute to the scientific understanding of current problems, limitations and the search for new solutions to the organization of work with the human resources potential of the macro-region.

Sino-Russian interstate projects are generally with the characteristics of large scale, long duration, high technical content, and multiple participants. In the process of project implementation, it will inevitably be affected by many objective conditions such as economy, management, and technology, resulting in certain risks and uncertainties. Therefore, the key factor to improve interstate project management is to control and reduce project risk from the whole life-cycle of the project. Through literature and case analysis, the evaluation indicators suitable for Sino-Russian interstate projects are reasonably selected. Further, through certain methodology, a comprehensive evaluation of risk indicators and guidance for project management is the purpose. The author uses expert interview, brainstorming, and questionnaires to further organize the risk list. The formation of the hierarchical structure and the construction of the risk factor hierarchical model is the first step and important foundation of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. The article describes the establishment process of this risk factor hierarchical model in detail. It lays the foundation for the subsequent fuzzy complementary judgment matrix and risk factor importance ranking. The final results provide scientific references for Sino-Russian interstate project management.

The article analyzes the current state, stages and problems of reforming the Russian healthcare system. At the same time, a comparative analysis of the models of Russian healthcare that existed in the conditions of a planned economy and those being formed in modern conditions is carried out, their strengths and weaknesses are noted. The authors also rely on the analysis of foreign experience in the transformation of healthcare systems. The paper notes that in conditions of economic instability (the COVID-19 pandemic, Western sanctions, and increased threats to the country's security), the advantages of the insurance model are not obvious, problems in the health sector are not solved, and often worsen. Noting a number of successes in the development of Russian healthcare, including an increase in life expectancy, a reduction in mortality in certain population groups, the creation of new domestic drugs, the development of telemedicine, etc., scientists, politicians, patients are unanimous in their opinion about the need for fundamental, qualitative changes in the entire Russian healthcare system. According to the authors of the article, it is essential to ensure the consistency of changes in the healthcare system with the course of economic and social transformations, improve industry financing and increase wages for healthcare workers, overcome the uneven provision of healthcare institutions and qualified personnel to the regions, reduce dependence on imported drugs, technologies, medical equipment, etc., reform the healthcare management system taking into account external conditions and the need to ensure the security of the country and its citizens.

The article examines the modern features of the management of state cultural policy. The main role of determining the vector of cultural policy in Russia belongs to the state, which makes a significant contribution to its regulation. At the same time, the authors substantiate that the use of the potential of culture in social development, the implementation of new tools and models of modern cultural policy, actualize the need for new approaches to managing the sphere of culture, allowing solving problems not only in the socio-cultural sphere, but also in the context of the external situation, political and economic. In light of this, the management of state cultural policy plays a key role in the life of society, which indicates the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features and specifics of management in the context of the implementation of the state cultural policy of the country. Understanding this goal poses the most important tasks in the field of state cultural policy management. Thus, the directions of the socio-economic development of the state, the improvement of the management mechanism in this area, the further process of forming the sphere of culture and its place in society are predetermined. The authors of the article have formed problematic aspects affecting management within the framework of state cultural policy. The modern challenges of cultural policy management are considered. New aspects of management in this area are presented and a management model is formed. The conducted research shows that at present the specifics of management significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of state cultural policy. Reasonable conclusions have been drawn on the application of new management mechanisms and possible ways to solve problem areas in the management of cultural policy have been proposed.

The formation of Lean management competencies in the training system of public administration and local government is one of the most effective ways to increase labor productivity in state and municipal organizations. The introduction of Lean technologies contributes to more productive and efficient work of state and municipal employees, in the system under study, a more difficult task is to change traditional thinking and approaches to the organization of employees' work, which sometimes is a serious obstacle to the introduction of a lean approach in management. Thus, the author considers the opinions of foreign experts who have a wide practice of introducing lean technologies into the management system. Special attention is paid to the analysis of domestic experience in the implementation of the methodology of "lean manufacturing" and "lean management". The article substantiates the importance and features of the formation of competencies for the implementation of a lean approach in the practice of training state and municipal employees. The assumption is made that the environment and the modern tools of a lean approach in management used in the training of state and municipal employees form a "lean way of thinking" among employees themselves. Based on the above, modern trends have been identified and recommendations have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of the approaches used for application in the system of corporate training of state and municipal employees.

The aim of the study is to identify the organizational and methodological aspects of additional education of civil servants in foreign countries. The relevance of turning to international experience is due to the need to form a professional development system. The methodology includes an analysis of scientific publications, materials from the websites of national academies of civil service and government agencies of foreign countries; reviews of national and international organizations for 2021-2024. Various sources made it possible to consider the issues of professional development of civil servants using the example of 25 countries. The areas of state activity in the professional development of civil servants, new educational models, areas of training and formed competencies (client-centric, digital, adaptive, transprofessional, leadership), educational formats and new digital tools for formal and informal learning are identified. In the modern system of professional development of civil servants, the subject of management of this process, the object of management, the managing influence, the preferred state are identified. It is concluded that the professional development system is acquiring the character of an ecosystem, which involves not only government bodies, state organizations and educational institutions, but also professional communities; non-profit, consulting, research organizations; business structures; citizens; international institutions.

The article delves into the exploration of technological advancements in the realm of digital transformation within public and municipal administrations, with a particular focus on pivotal digital technologies as part of the national programme «Digital Economy». The analysis conducted within the framework of the «Data Economy and Digital Transformation» project reveals changes in fundamental digital technologies that align with the trajectories and directives outlined by the Russian President. Furthermore, the article underscores the significance of fostering technological autonomy in this domain. Through our research, we have identified big data and data analytics as one of the most critical technologies. We highlight the critical role of high-quality data, especially in the context of managerial decision-making. The article delves into the essential attributes of high-caliber data that government officials ought to be cognizant of. We share the outcomes of a survey conducted among public servants on the subject of digital technologies in the realm of data management. The data obtained through this survey shed light on the strengths and shortcomings of these professionals when it comes to their proficiency in data management practices. Building upon these insights, we have formulated recommendations aimed at addressing areas where their skills may require enhancement, including those pertaining to digital sovereignty.

Energy is an important material basis for economic development. Under the background of increasing global climate change, vigorously developing low-carbon, clean and efficient renewable energy is the main direction of global energy transition. The article analyzes the current situation of global energy transition in three aspects: the change of global energy consumption structure, the change of global power structure and the change of energy consumption structure in different countries, and concludes that there are three major challenges in the process of global energy transition: the global fossil energy consumption accounts for a relatively large proportion, the power is highly dependent on fossil energy and the global energy structure is uneven. Finally, it puts forward some measures to promote global energy transition, such as the joint efforts of the government and enterprises to optimize the energy consumption structure. Promote clean energy technology innovation and reduce the dependence of electricity on fossil energy; strengthen international cooperation to solve the imbalance of global energy structure, thereby contributing to the global energy transition.

In the context of constant changes on the global stage, the presence of a strong and resilient mobilization economy will become an important foundation for ensuring the security and flexibility of Russia’s national economy. Focusing efforts on strategic planning and active resource management will create conditions for growth and prosperity, despite existing challenges and the presence of adversaries. This paper is dedicated to the study of mobilization economy in the face of modern challenges and the changing military-political situation. In conditions of global instability, social and economic crises, as well as security threats, states face the necessity of adapting economic methods and tools to ensure their viability and resilience. The article examines key aspects of mobilization economy, including strategic planning, resource management, the necessity for coordination of actions between various sectors and agencies, and the role of state policy in transforming economic systems. Particular attention is paid to restoring and improving economic indicators, as well as social stability in the face of potential conflicts and threats. Global instability, economic and social crises, and security threats create a critical need to adapt economic methods and tools to ensure the state’s viability and resilience. To successfully implement this concept, it is necessary to integrate state policy and risk management strategies at all levels, namely: to develop clear and substantiated strategies that take into account both current and potential threats; to maintain continuous dialogue between different sectors of the economy, government agencies, and society; and to emphasize education and training for specialists capable of working in conditions of uncertainty and rapidly changing environments.

Environmental quality (EQ), its adequate ecological-economic assessment forms the foundation for increasing the sustainability, first of all, ecological, of socio-economic development trends of modern spatial-economic systems. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model of ecological-economic assessment of environmental quality of China’s territories on the theoretical basis of the Total Economic Value of Nature (TEV) and to justify its applicability in the development of public policy measures aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development 2030. The focus of the research methodology is bibliometric methods, in particular meta-analysis and bibliometric mapping, which allow a comprehensive and critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of current methodological tools, as well as a detailed analysis of actual problems hindering the environmentally sustainable development of China’s territorial systems. The scientific novelty of the research results consists in revealing the limitations / one-sidedness of the methods of ecological-economic assessment of EQ used in Chinese practice, as well as in creating a conceptual model based on TEV and integrated with the concept of sustainable development, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of environmental values in various aspects. The significance of the results of the study lies in the development of specific methodologies for assessing the multifaceted values of EQ in the substantiation of directions for improving the methodological tools used in environmental-economic assessment. The study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the environmental-economic value of environmental quality, to identify tools that can effectively assess TEV, and provide theoretical support for the formation of sustainable environmental policies in China using the proposed conceptual model.

The article actualizes the need to consider the impact of fragmentation processes observed in the global economy on the formation of the economy in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the economic-theoretical content of the processes of the considered transformation from the standpoint of defining the categorical essence of fragmentation and deglobalization, identifying their evolutionary stages, as well as analyzing the essence of economic fragmentation. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the use of tools of comparative dynamics of macro-zone functioning in the Russian Federation, which allows us to identify the dependence on fragmentation processes at the regional level and to shape the direction of economic policy. The main emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the systemic consequences accompanying the transformation of business processes and public institutions, which synergistically determines the focus on leveling the negative conditions of global changes. The authors also present an evolutionary-theoretical characterization of fragmentation processes, which allowed to illustrate the presence of both positive and negative trends that contribute to the orientation of state economic policy towards the use of the model of “institutional design”. The study points out the cyclicality and causality of integration processes, which demonstrate trends towards the need for autonomization of national economies, which contributes to their progressive development. Thus, the study is of general theoretical nature and is aimed at actualizing the causal components of the formation of the national economic system in new economic conditions, subject to the influence of the geopolitical factor, which allows us to propose recommendations regarding the substantive reform of state economic policy instruments and identify the basic principles that minimize the impact of fragmentation on macro-processes: the use of expert opinions, the development of a multisystem of control.

Over the past few years, the Russian economy has been exposed to many challenges, which include fluctuations in inflation and the exchange rate, as well as all possible sanctions from Western countries, and accordingly, a thorough analysis of the consequences of raising the key rate of the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) is relevant in the process of studying the impact of monetary policy on various sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors contributing to an increase in the key rate, and is aimed at assessing the impact of this growth on the business environment and the quality of life of society as a whole. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consider the consequences of an increase in the rate for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as for consumer lending, with regard to the financial well-being of the population. The results of this analysis indicate that the positive dynamics of the key rate leads to an increase in the cost of loans, and consequently a decrease in the availability of borrowed funds and a reduction in consumer demand. Such consequences create additional difficulties for the business, leading to a revision of the financial and investment management strategy for the latter. This means that it is important not only to analyze the consequences, but also to offer recommendations for adapting to new conditions, and understanding these processes can become the basis for developing more effective solutions both at the level of an individual business and at the level of public policy. Thus, this study is aimed at updating issues related to changes in monetary policy and helping various economic participants adapt more quickly to new realities.

This research paper examines the import substitution policy in Rostov region, analyzing the main directions and tools used in this process. The article discusses the support measures offered by regional authorities to stimulate domestic production and reduce dependence on imports. The authors consider the existing strategies and mechanisms of import substitution, which stimulate this policy in the Rostov region. The tools that promote this policy are analyzed. Changes in the geopolitical situation in recent years make this problem particularly relevant. On the one hand, sanctions stimulate the development of domestic industries and reduce dependence on imports. On the other hand, import substitution is associated with a number of problems, such as rising prices, lower product quality and technological lag. The purpose of the study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the field of import substitution, to find the most effective mechanisms that contribute to this process in the Rostov region, to identify priority areas. The research methodology is based on the Russian school of economic thought, proceeding from the understanding of the Russian civilization as independent, autonomous and distinctive. The instrumental and methodological apparatus of the study was determined by a set of methods of the theoretical level of scientific knowledge, among which logical and systemic approaches, observation, data groupings, methods of comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis should be distinguished. As a result of the study, the authors identified those areas in which the Rostov region achieved the greatest success: machine tool building, radio electronics, agricultural engineering and others. The main tools that contributed to the widespread use of import-substituting technologies were also investigated: the creation of a specialized body, leasing, soft loans and grants.

Efficient use of production potential is a strategic priority for ensuring dynamic and sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. In this regard, there is an objective need to conduct scientific research, evaluative monitoring, study the directions and factors that ensure rational use of the resource base and contribute to increasing the profitability of developing the production potential, taking into account the requirements and principles of functioning of agriculture in modern conditions. The purpose of the author’s research is to study the basic postulates, conceptual theoretical provisions, assess the current state and identify key trends in the development of the resource base and production capabilities of agricultural organizations. The article provides the author’s justification for the presented theoretical interpretations of the concepts of “resource potential” and “production potential”. Conclusions are presented based on the results of the analysis of the production potential of agricultural enterprises of the Oryol region for the period 2015 - 2023, which are presented in the form of monitoring the current state of available resources and the dynamics of production volumes. It is concluded that the emerging positive trend of increasing the efficiency of using the production potential of agricultural organizations in the region is associated with achievements in the development of individual areas and industries, including crop production and livestock farming, optimal use of resources and attracting investment. The theoretical and practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of using them to conduct a comprehensive assessment monitoring of the development of production potential in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the Russian Federation.

The relevance of this article is due to the importance of the public procurement sphere, the growth of budget funds allocated for procurement, and the need to improve the existing organization of public procurement. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the influence of internal audit on the quality of public procurement in public administration bodies, determining the implementation of internal audit procedures, as well as differences in the implementation and use of audit in organizations. The research materials include scientific publications and regulatory and legislative literature in the field of public procurement and internal audit, the methodology is based on the use of general scientific methods within the framework of a systems approach: comparative and logical analysis of theoretical concepts and practical aspects of the article’s problems, systematization and generalization. The article presents and discusses internal audit as a tool for improving the management of government bodies, and also presents the problems associated with the implementation of audit and the possible benefits of its application in the audited entities. The role of internal audit as a tool for ensuring the quality of public procurement is clarified, the purpose of which is to assess the planning and organization of public procurement within a government body; rationality and economy of using funds intended for the purchase of goods, services and works. The article highlights the main criteria for the quality of public procurement and issues for checking the internal audit of this activity. The principle of professional behavior is formulated, describing the environment of internal audit of public procurement. The results obtained can be used by government bodies to gain the benefits that can be provided by increasing the efficiency of internal audit of public procurement.

The aggravation of geopolitical threats has necessitated a reassessment of the safety of Russia's technological sovereignty, including in the agricultural sector, since the provision of basic groups of food products is a key need of any society. In this regard, the authors synthesized three theories for the analysis of technological sovereignty: neoclassical, institutional approaches and the concept of national security. The implemented synthesis made it possible to give a comprehensive definition of technological sovereignty that meets the requirements of today, and to derive from it the category of “biotechnological sovereignty” as a type of technological. Based on an analysis of Russian management practice, the main institutional and economic problems in the formation and preservation of technological sovereignty in the agricultural sector were presented. The need to overcome the problems that have arisen allowed the authors to identify 8 main directions of government policy, which are designed to increase and maintain technological sovereignty in the agricultural sector: system monitoring of non-import-substituted technological groups of goods in the agro-industrial complex; introduction of an innovative technological concept of agricultural production; normative consolidation in strategic documents of the main directions of R&D for the agricultural sector; transformation of value chains through the development and implementation of platform solutions; financial support through preferential subsidies for agricultural producers introducing biotechnologies; transformation of existing business models in agricultural production; formation of a bank and development of the domestic scientific and technological base; ensuring partnership between universities and enterprises in the agro-industrial complex in terms of targeted ordering of specialists and conducting turnkey research.

The last decade of the twentieth century and the first decades of the XXI century in foreign, and under its influence in many ways in the domestic scientific discourse, were marked by the "end" of history, modernity, as well as related ideologies. It was proclaimed that the global ideologies of the right-left-centrist type that arose in a certain historical epoch, from Marxism to liberalism, had lost their significance and their ability to mobilize the masses. Their place in the postmodern, post-ideological reality has been taken by separate "molecular" ideologies of "identity politics" and "action politics". However, the events of the last two decades (and especially the special military operation) have clearly demonstrated the importance and significance of ideology as a factor that has a significant impact on the formation, functioning, stability or destabilization of social systems. At the same time, modern Western societies, which have put "identity movements" and "action movements" at the forefront of socio-political life, have faced an avalanche of problems and, first of all, a sharp increase in the number of radical ideological groups and movements and related violent actions, increasingly professional, sophisticated and cruel. The article attempts to identify possible promising approaches to the study of the causes and underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, and also points out that the rejection of the state as a mandatory ideology does not necessarily mean the rejection of ideology as a system of ideas based on fundamental basic values, with the help of which long-term political goals can be established, explained and justified goals and means to achieve them both on the internal and external track.

The article examines the main areas of state support for civil society institutions in the course of interaction between the state and civil society institutions in modern Russia and the formation of the R-model of civil society, taking into account the Russian cultural and civilizational specifics and allowing for the formation of civil society to take into account the cultural, civilizational, religious, value-motivational parameters of communication between society and government. The state of the modern Russian state and society requires satisfying the request of citizens of the Russian Federation to ensure socio-cultural stability and national security, ethno-national and confessional harmony of the peoples of Russia based on the use of the potential of their traditional culture and traditional spiritual and moral values. The President of the Russian Federation in the May 2024 Decree defined the national development goals of the country, the optimal and strategically verified path of independent, sovereign cultural and value development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036. Hence the need to form a modern model of development of the state, civil society, business community and regions based on the development of partnership relations not only in economic strategy, but also in the implementation of the state cultural and value policy, the policy of forming the culture and worldview of Russians based on the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, in order to strengthen the foundations of the political and cultural-moral unity of the Russian people, the formation of the ideological, political and ideological core of citizens of Russia, Russians of all nationalities, the Russian civil nation, culture, spiritual guidelines of the Russian, Russian civilization, which for centuries ensured the gathering and harmonious development of Russian peoples and citizens of the country. Taking this into account, the importance of effective partnership interaction between the state and civil society institutions through the prism of constitutional provisions is increasing many times over, determining that the Government of the Russian Federation implements measures to support civil society institutions, including non-profit organizations, ensures their participation in the development and implementation of state policy. The article is devoted to the main vectors of implementation of the specified measures, ways to increase the efficiency of interaction of all actors of socio-political life, as well as the search for optimal solutions to the problems facing Russian society in the context of modern challenges.

The article is aimed at the study of the political crisis of 1993 in Russia, which became a key moment in the formation of the modern political system. The author reveals the main preconditions, object and subject of the conflict. The causes and consequences of the crisis, including the confrontation between the executive and legislative powers, difficulties in the economy and social tensions in the country are considered. The author emphasizes the importance of studying the crisis as an indicator that predetermined the further strengthening of statehood. The significance of the 1993 political confrontation for the future development of the country is discussed. The study includes an analysis of the constitutional framework, the legal culture of the society and the role of the ruling elites in the political changes. The article also draws parallels between the events of 1993 and contemporary political and economic challenges in Russia. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the events of 1993 had a huge impact on the further development of the country. The article is an important contribution to the study of modern Russian history and can be useful for researchers, political scientists and all those interested in political processes in the country. The result of the research is the clarification of the theory of crises in politics on the example of the events of 1993. The purpose of the work is to consider the causes and consequences of the political crisis in Russia in 1993. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) analyze the economic prerequisites; 2) Characterize the chronology of the development of the political crisis of 1993; 3) Identify the cause of crises in politics; 4) Determine what were the prerequisites of the crisis in politics in 1993.

The article analyzes the transformation of the conceptual provisions of modernization theories into political courses. The author systematized the main provisions of these theories, which were reflected in the reform programs, and were recommended by international intergovernmental organizations as approaches to the implementation of state transformations. Based on the analysis, the author draws attention to the fact that the concept of «modernization» has received a practical refraction mainly in the neoliberal political course, which absolutizes the ideas of classical modernization theories about economic growth and economic freedom as the foundations of progressive development. The neoliberal interpretation of modernization has become fundamental to the political course that defines approaches to the implementation of «structural reforms» in «developing» countries. According to the author, the reasons for such dominance are related to both political factors, history, and the peculiarities of the conceptual provisions of modernization theories. The dominance of the neoliberal interpretation of modernization has provoked a number of negative trends: reducing the value of freedom exclusively to economic freedoms and freedom of choice, increasing economic inequality, strengthening the political status of economic elites, etc. Despite the emergence of non-classical modernization theories in response to these contradictions, they did not become the dominant conceptual basis for reforms due to political and discursive reasons. The author comes to the conclusion that the transformation of the conceptual provisions of classical modernization theories into a neoliberal political course, postulating its provisions at the level of world political discourse significantly limited the potential of applying this theory to develop and substantiate a political course. At the same time, many of the tasks facing the state as an institution at the present stage lie in the plane of understanding modern, non-classical theories of modernization.

The author associates the relevance of the study with the need for the Russian state and society to develop new protective mechanisms in the form of a system of value guidelines that meet the challenges of the time in the realities of geopolitical confrontation. Within the framework of the article, the author sets the following goal: to update the prevailing value principles of modern Russian society. This goal determined the tasks: to analyze research approaches to the concept of “values” and offer the author’s interpretation; to trace the dynamics of the development of the value system of Russian society based on data from various sociological studies; to determine the role and importance of Russian education and upbringing within the framework of value policy; to identify trends and prospects for the phenomenon of competition of values at the international level. The methodological basis of the study was a review of scientific publications on the topic under consideration, as well as the regulatory framework. The article also uses scientific methods of analysis and synthesis to study various aspects of the problem of values. Along with this, the author applies a value approach to understanding the ongoing geopolitical changes. The value system of Russian society can be designated as an object of research. The subject is the dynamics of the transformation of values in Russian society. The article puts forward a thesis about the fundamental importance of traditional values for Russian statehood and society, conditioned by established traditions, as well as the established cultural and historical experience. At the same time, the traditional value basis, represented by such qualities as patriotism, humanism, civic consciousness, is contrasted with the neoliberal pseudo-value complex, within the framework of which social atomization, individualism, and the cult of consumption are imposed. The study touches upon alarming trends that pose a threat to the stability of the value system of Russian society. Among such phenomena, the axiological infantilism of youth, social anomie, and the spread of distorted value attitudes stand out. In conclusion, the author makes a number of conclusions, the general meaning of which is the assertion that the system of traditional values has significant development potential, which must be realized with the help of educational and upbringing institutions, which will ensure the internal stability of Russian society, and also strengthen the status of Russia in the international arena.

In the context of the crisis nature of the formation of the world order, the problems of global regulation are being actualized. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT), being one of the megatrends of global development, is no exception. Currently, the regulation of the global information and communication space is difficult due to a number of different reasons, such as its securitization by States, lack of accommodation between great powers and homogeneity in defining threats, essential terms, ideas and approaches. The article examines the role of ICT as a resource of attributive and relational power, the approaches of Russia, the United States and China to global regulation of the development of ICT and information and communication space, as well as the main problems along this path. At the present stage of technological development, sovereignty in the field of digital technologies is of crucial importance. Attention to digital sovereignty is conditioned by the radical transformation of economic and technological structures, public relations and political life caused by the global digital transformation. These changes have also manifested themselves in the sphere of international relations - the digital space has become a field of geopolitical contradictions, and the level of digitalization is becoming an important factor determining the country's position in the international arena and the range of foreign policy opportunities available to it. Research in the field of digital sovereignty is closely related to the analysis of technological sovereignty, which means ensuring independence in scientific research, defining standards, and the security of physical communications infrastructure. It also examines the relationship with research in the field of technological structures, which are conducted in the field of economic sciences and emphasize the economic potential of digital technologies as part of the transition to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In conclusion, the conclusion is made about the necessary steps in this direction that Russia should take to achieve leadership in this functional "dossier".

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in the modern world, equal participation and full involvement of women in the processes of making political and socio-economic decisions are not only a necessary condition for economic progress, but also a key indicator of democracy, openness and security of state power and society as a whole. Moreover, such equality plays a fundamental role in ensuring stability and strengthening peace. Accordingly, the study of this problem on the example of one of the post-Soviet states is an important research task. The purpose of the article is to identify the traditions, modernization processes and challenges in the implementation of gender policy in Kyrgyzstan in the context of its post-Soviet transformation. The materials and methods of the research involved the use of a neorealist approach in the study, the combination of which with institutional and behavioral principles made it possible to comprehensively study the problem under consideration. The result of the work was the understanding that the gender policy of Kyrgyzstan was formed under the influence of three key factors: the Soviet past, the processes of neotraditionalism and the country’s inclusion in the world community. Today, it is influenced by economic, political, cultural and social aspects of the development of this state. The conclusions of the article determine that politicians and society need to apply flexible and diverse strategies to promote effective implementation of gender policy and constantly study and adjust it in accordance with changing socio-economic conditions. Only through joint efforts and interaction between the state, society and the international community will Kyrgyzstan be able to achieve true gender equality and promote harmonious development of society.

In the article, based on the analysis of the relevant regulatory legal and program-project documents, the trends in the development of state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of national culture are considered. To reveal the concept of “national culture,” an analysis of the definitions of the terms “culture” and “nation” was carried out. The interpretation of the term “nation” is presented within the framework of two main theories: the German theory is based on a primordial approach, and the French socio-political one. There was also a demarcation of the concepts of “ethnic culture,” based on common origin, traditions, folk art and “national culture,” which is based primarily on national identity. In the light of the provisions of the theory of sociocultural dynamics P.A. Sorokin analyzed state policy in the field of national culture of the Russian Federation. The dynamics of state cultural policy is considered in the target and tactical aspects. An analysis of the content of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as software and project support for this area, revealed that in the first two decades of the current century, significant attention was paid to the development of cultural infrastructure. During this period, a very significant part of the content of national culture was assigned to historical monuments, folk crafts, folklore, that is, elements of ethnic culture. The value component of culture was not given a priority role. From 2021, an interpretation of values is being formed as the basis of national sovereignty and the potential of Russia’s world leadership. The list of basic traditional Russian spiritual and moral values is fixed by a special decree of the President of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the main vectors of the transformation of state policy are: in the field of strategic guidelines - the transfer of the center of attention in the interpretation of the concept of “national culture” from the ethnic aspect to the civil-political aspect, and in the applied sphere - from the infrastructure component to the value component of culture.

This study is devoted to the analysis of sociological approach to the understanding and study of law, through a detailed consideration of law through the system of methods of sociological research. The author analyzed the concept of sociological approach to understanding of law through its features, theories of legal understanding. The purpose of this scientific article is to consider the essence and content of the sociological approach to the study and understanding of law as one of the fundamental approaches. The author emphasizes that the sociological approach to the understanding of law makes it possible to apply the achievements of sociology to law in general and legal phenomena in particular, which leads to interdisciplinary exchange between sciences and expanding opportunities in the field of cognition of law. Exactly revealing the real action of law in society, increasing the effectiveness of legal regulation, formation of conditions for the action of law is a priority task for modern legal science. These aspects are most fully disclosed in the sociological approach to the understanding of law. Understanding of law through sociology is aimed at establishing the real mechanisms of law action in society, its practical realization. The main task of the author is to formulate the theses of the study so as to highlight the general position and the author’s vision of the subject of the study and to present a coherent idea of the sociological approach to the study and understanding of law.

The digital space is an actively developing area of social reality, the impact of which on modern man is so wide and diverse that it is difficult not only to predict, but also to describe. Of particular interest is the degree of influence of the digital space on young people, in particular on student youth, as a social group that is simultaneously influenced by one of the most inertial social institutions - the Institute of Education and integrated into the digital space almost from the moment of birth. The depth of this integration allows us to talk about the formation of the dependence of student youth on the digital space. The paper presents the results of several studies (online surveys) conducted in 2022 and aimed at identifying the degree of dependence of young people on the digital space and, in particular, on digital communication. The respondents were full-time students of humanities. The paper also describes the main markers of digital addiction and the degree of their manifestation in students. The main markers of dependence on digital space include: the frequency of access to digital space, the duration of interaction with digital space, and the depth of emotional connections. Degradation of the subject's communicative personality was considered as an additional marker. Based on the presented data, the author concludes that the nature of the digital dependence of student youth is rather declarative, due to the non-reflexive agreement of students with the signs of digital dependence attributed to them, while the older generation tends to call addiction a strong degree of youth involvement in digital communication processes. Based on the presented data, the characteristic of the modern student's communicative model is given, recommendations are given on building the educational process aimed at developing the complex communicative and digital competence of the future specialist.

This article is dedicated to examining the radical changes in the key functional characteristics of the labor market, identifying their causes, and exploring possible directions for change in the HR sphere aimed at overcoming or minimizing the negative impact of workforce shortages on organizational performance. In the first part of the article, based on the analysis of state statistical data, analytics provided by major job search aggregators, recruiting companies, and experts, the current state of the Russian labor market is described. In the second part of the article, the main causes and triggers of the workforce shortage in the labor market are considered from both the demand and supply sides. Among the key causes of the labor shortage, which have a cumulative effect on the labor market, are: the natural decline in population and the consequences of the “demographic hole”; the results of the structural transformation of the economy; a reduction in the civilian workforce due to mobilization, “relocation”, and emigration; a decrease in the flow of labor migrants; imbalances in the education system, such as the mismatch between the education people receive and the demands of the labor market, as well as changes in people’s labor attitudes and behavior on the job market. The author identifies the main causes of changes in people’s labor behavior as the effects of the “pandemic effect” on the labor market, which led to some workers voluntarily exiting the workforce during quarantine restrictions; the presence of a significant share of NEETs (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) in the labor market; the emergence of new demands from job seekers and employees towards employers. In the concluding part of the article, it is shown that the response to labor market challenges should be a true “Ideological revolution” in the mindset of HR professionals. The conceptual foundation of a new approach to managing employees is a human-centered approach and a careful attitude towards staff. The author discusses outdated and current HR practices, as well as changes in key functional blocks of personnel management systems and tools for attracting and retaining employees.

The article highlights the urgency of the problem, which has become aggravated in connection with the global challenges of our time and is associated with the formation and evolution of the concept of “Russian identity”. The aim of the work was to form the significance of this concept as fundamental to the history of the Russian nation. Based on an integrated approach and the application of scientific research methods, the prerequisites for the formation of this concept in the context of the historical development of the Russian people and their worldview are considered and the main approaches (objective and constructive) to the issues of its study are determined. The views of Russian pre-revolutionary thinkers and modern researchers, expressed in their key positions and various approaches, are considered. As a result, it was revealed that self-awareness is based on the characteristic features of the Russian people (kindness, humility, religiosity, conciliarity, humility, tolerance, sincerity) that determine the peculiarities of world perception. The concepts of “people” and “nation” are distinguished.

In the article the solution of the evolution of views quite clearly understands and essential knowledge, scientific knowledge, two positions are identified and analyzed - scientism and anti-scientism: scientism, proclaiming the idea of reason as a key tool of cognition, the pinnacle of development, which becomes science in the guaranteed infinity of its capabilities, and anti-scientism, characterizing science in twenty equivalent worldview systems as a method of comprehending relative truths. The purpose of this article is to preserve the problems of the relationship between science and ethics in the historical past; tasks: the key provisions on the issue of “value neutrality” of scientific, developed on the basis of the principles of development of human society are designated. It is emphasized that the question of whether a scientist can be value-neutral, especially in social and humanitarian knowledge, is becoming extremely relevant today. It is noted that the ethics of a scientist is becoming a key section of scientific ethics. The author summarizes that in the context of growing threats and civilizational challenges, the modernity of modernity determines the principle of science and ethics, actualizes the moral code of the scientist, which is approved by the provisions of the course of the Russian Federation on maintaining national security.

This article is devoted to the need to use modern digital technologies in the work of municipal and government employees. In the article, the authors emphasize that the modern innovative structure of the science cities of the Russian Federation is aimed at creating unique scientific and technical products, therefore, in order to strengthen Russia’s position on the world stage, it is important to develop these municipalities and introduce new breakthrough information technologies into them. Using the example of the first science city of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, the paper analyzes the process of interaction between ministries, the city Administration and enterprises of the scientific and industrial complex during the preparation and submission of annual reports to confirm the status. The authors note that today the data collection process in municipalities is imperfect and requires changes. The authors of the article propose to develop and implement a new information portal «Science Cities of the Russian Federation» for operational communication of federal, regional, local authorities and NPC enterprises. This system will be as secure and user-friendly as possible, all data in it will be protected by a special electronic signature key. In conclusion, the authors note that the introduction of the portal «Science Cities of the Russian Federation» will reduce the workload of employees of the administration of science cities. Thanks to the portal, it will be possible to coordinate documents and make decisions as soon as possible, improve the quality of services provided, efficiency, efficiency, and it will also ensure transparency of the work of employees at all levels of government. This system will help attract new taxpayers to the science cities of the Russian Federation and ensure the attraction of private investment, which will be aimed at creating and modernizing the existing scientific, industrial, social and residential infrastructure in municipalities.

The article is devoted to analyzing the basis of the administrative-territorial structure of public administration in the Republic of Congo, examining its structure, functions, and governance. A key element of the study is the examination of the administrative units, which include departments and communes. The analysis showed that the current governance structure, despite the presence of decentralized elements, faces several challenges. As a result, the quality of and access to services varies from region to region, emphasizing the existing social unevenness. In addition, the article examines the powers and responsibilities of local officials, their role in ensuring sustainable governance and interaction with the population. Well-functioning authorities can improve the quality of governance and increase the level of citizen participation in decision-making processes. The study also focuses on decentralization processes, which is a significant trend in the country’s administration in recent years. However, unsustainable funding, staff shortages and contradictions between central and local interests jeopardize the successful implementation of these processes. The article concludes with recommendations for improving the administrative-territorial structure, including empowering local governments, improving coordination, and supporting acts of decentralization. These measures can contribute to improving the efficiency of public administration and the living conditions of the population in the Republic of Congo.

In the presented article, the author substantiates the need to take into account the full variety of external and internal factors of sustainable development of the grain market as an important condition for compliance with the standards of a highly competitive global grain market. The purpose of the study was to systematize and stratify ESG factors depending on the specific ecological, economic, social and infrastructural results obtained by the industry, as well as their correlation with those adaptation and optimization tools that can provide domestic grain producers with long-term strategic competitiveness in world markets, as well as increase the financial and economic results of the industry even in conditions of high volatility of supply and demand. The result of the conducted research and a certain increment of theoretical and methodological knowledge on this topic was a model of sustainable development of the grain market of the Russian Federation, reflecting the relationship of factors influencing the industry and adaptation industry tools, the use of which is based on those financial capabilities of grain producers, which were identified in the article as part of the description of the new transformed economic model of the grain market. The author substantiates the high efficiency and prospects of integration into the grain industry of both ESG principles and clustering, pointing out that the cluster development path facilitates the procedures for financing sustainable agricultural practices and simplifies the processes of conducting scientific research and implementing the best available technologies. At the same time, the state needs to implement certain protectionist measures against the grain industry, which should support its development during a period of serious geopolitical shifts and conjunctural fluctuations in financial and commodity markets.