No. 1 (2025)

Introduction. The Governments of many countries around the world, including the Russian Federation, are confidently moving towards building a responsive human-centered public administration system. It is based on taking into account the interests of people and ensuring the interaction of people and the state in obtaining the necessary services in the most seamless and convenient way. Purpose. To identify key trends in the practice of countries in the development and implementation of human-centered public services, as well as to identify the prospects for the development of public services in the next decade. The relevance of the study to the world experience is determined by the need to improve the public administration system of the Russian Federation and the implementation of the federal project "State for People". Materials and Methods. The following methods were used in the course of the research: analysis of scientific articles, reviews and reports of international organizations; study of information on the websites of government departments of foreign countries; conducting expert interviews with representatives of the public administration system of 5 countries (Brazil, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Serbia, South Africa). Results. The study revealed 8 trends in building a client-centered (human-centered) state. Among them are the use of a single digital platform for public services, the introduction of digital standards and cybersecurity, proactive provision of services, the organization of open cooperation between the state, citizens and representatives of various organizations, the reform of the talent recruitment system, the use of new ways of providing services (digital assistants), digital inclusion as a mechanism for ensuring equal access to services, the creation of organizations responsible for the provision of public services. The main directions of development of public services in the 10-year horizon are also highlighted. These include cybersecurity, the widespread use of digital technologies (artificial intelligence, the metaverse, etc.), reliance on in-depth user analytics, the transition from the "state for people" model to the "state with people" model, inclusivity in the provision of services. Conclusions. The article concludes that building a responsive public administration system requires governments to adopt a human-centered approach to the development and provision of public services. On the way to a human-centered transformation of the state, countries will have to find answers to the most fundamental challenges, such as increasing the trust of citizens, ensuring digital literacy, accessibility and inclusiveness of public services.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the risks of Sino-Russian interstate projects, and further promote the accumulation of project management experience and the improvement of management techniques. Methods. The author adopts the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method to conduct further data analysis based on the risk assessment indicator system. The author uses the expert questionnaire survey method. Based on the survey results, a fuzzy judgment matrix is constructed, and weights are assigned to the indicators. With these weight data, the comprehensive importance ranking of the risk assessment indicators for Sino-Russian interstate projects can be obtained. Results. The author obtained the following results through data analysis. In the risk assessment of the Sino-Russian interstate project: In terms of behavioral risk, attention should be paid to the ability of subcontractors to fulfill their contracts on schedule during the construction phase, and efforts should be made to explore international standards applicable to both China and Russia. In terms of management risk, importance should be attached to the cultivation of international project management talents, and it is necessary to explore the training mode of project management talents for Sino-Russian projects; and the concept of the sustainable development of the project should be emphasized. In terms of process risk, attention should be paid to the screening of project categories and schemes. In terms of external risk, it is necessary to optimize project policies and industrial policies and accelerate the progress of project approval. Conclusions. The results of the model analysis provide in detail the specific ranking of the key risk factors of Sino-Russian interstate projects, offering an academic increment for the risk research in this field. In subsequent studies, empirical analysis can be further carried out for specific projects. The research findings put forward corresponding improvement suggestions for the risk management of Sino-Russian interstate projects.

Introduction. The article presents the author's tools for evaluating tools (or projects) of innovative regional development, which expands traditional ideas about the analysis of the effectiveness of projects. The relevance of developing approaches to assessing innovative development tools is determined primarily by the need to improve methods for forming a package of priority state and regional programs that will have a positive impact on the development of innovative systems. It is worth noting that most of the assessment systems used, as a rule, provide only a financial and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the project (or tool), which may contradict the systematic analysis of the object and indicate the one-sided nature of the study. In addition, the concept of sustainable development assumes a balanced solution to socio-economic problems that should take into account the dynamic development of the economy and the social sphere while preserving the potential of the country's natural complex. This leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to expand the tools used to assess the effectiveness of implemented programs (projects, tools, etc.), which makes the problem of evaluating innovative development tools relevant at the present time. The purpose of the study is to develop a toolkit that allows evaluating innovative development tools in terms of both financial and social consequences. To describe the theoretical foundations of the research, elements of deduction and induction methods, analysis and synthesis, and the classification method were used. Methods of analogy and abstraction were used to test the proposed tools. The "traffic light" method and the use of expert analysis will be used to classify and rank projects. The results of the conducted research have generally shown that the inclusion of the "equity" indicator in the system of assessment of innovative development tools makes it possible to consider it (the tool) from all sides, including in the context of environmental impact, which is consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Conclusions. In accordance with the results obtained from the approbation of the proposed methodo-logy for evaluating innovative development tools, the authors draw conclusions on the application of the assessment methodology in practice, some of its limitations, and outline areas of future research within this approach.

Purpose. A comprehensive analysis of strategic priorities in the development of telemedicine technologies in the Russian Federation, contributing to the integration of innovative approaches in the medical care system, and identifying institutional barriers affecting the scaling of remote medical services. Methods. The research is based on the integrated use of systemic and institutional methods to assess the factors determining the development of telemedicine in the existing socio-economic and regulatory environment. The use of the structural and functional method made it possible to identify the main elements of telemedicine, identify their features and assess the degree of adaptation to the institutional environment. The analysis is based on data from Russian medical platforms that include elements of artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, and big data. Results. The main drivers of technological progressive telemedicine have been identified, including the entire range of end-to-end technologies and integration of artificial intelligence technologies, cloud technologies, interoperable medical platforms, etc. into the implementation of medical services. The typologization of digital services in healthcare has been carried out, based on an assessment of existing ecosystems for the implementation of medical services. An analysis of the effectiveness of telemedicine technologies has been carried out, demonstrating a reduction in significant healthcare costs by minimizing the cost of transporting patients, optimizing human resources and increasing the availability of highly qualified medical care. Institutional constraints have been identified due to regulatory imbalances, imperfect financing of telemedicine services, and insufficient digital literacy of medical personnel and patients. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm that the strategic development of telemedicine technologies in Russia is determined by the synergy of technological innovations and institutional reforms aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of medical services. The identified drivers of healthcare digitalization, such as the introduction of artificial intelligence, the use of cloud technologies and big data, portable devices (IoT), lead to the emergence of new digital ecosystems for the implementation of medical services that can transform the economy of social reproduction. The economic efficiency of telemedicine is associated with reducing the total costs of the healthcare system by optimizing the logistics of medical services and reducing the cost of inpatient treatment. The analyzed models of telemedicine services demonstrate high adaptability to the institutional environment. At the same time, the successful integration of telemedicine technologies into the healthcare system requires an integrated approach, including institutional reforms, the development of digitalization processes, standardization of medical data, and increased innovation. Overcoming the described institutional barriers will make it possible to create a sustainable healthcare model that ensures high economic efficiency and quality of services provided.

Introduction. Performance management (PM) plays a critical role in achieving organizational goals, but traditional research has focused on its technical aspects, ignoring employee perceptions and the contextual features of developing countries. This study focuses on the education sector, where performance management effectiveness (PMSE) faces unique challenges: conflict between academic and administrative goals, low trust in formal assessments. Purpose. The aim of the work is to empirically test a comprehensive PM model combining technical accuracy (PMSA) and perceived fairness (PMSF) and assess their impact on employee engagement (WE) and productivity (Task Performance (TP); Contextual Performance (CP). Methods. The study combines theoretical analysis of the conceptual models of performance management system Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R), Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO), Social Exchange and quantitative approach. The data were collected through anonymous surveys of 500 employees of educational organizations in Russia. To test the hypotheses, second-order structural modeling was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the influence of performance-management system accuracy and perceived fairness on employees' involvement in decision-making, task performance, and their extra-role behavior. The analysis included an assessment of the reliability of the scales, convergent and discriminant validity. Results. The effectiveness of the performance-management system shows a significant effect on employee involvement in the decision-making process (β = 0.58, p < 0.01) and on their productivity (TP: β = 0.42; CP: β = 0.35). Involvement partially mediated the correlation of performance management resultivity and extra-role performance, 41% of the effect, and fully mediated the correlation of performance management resultivity and task performance, the effect was 63%. The key determinant of performance-management resultivity was found to be perceived fairness (β = 0.47) vs. accuracy of the management system (β = 0.21), especially in the context of academic uncertainty. The model explained 52% of the variance in employee engagement, and 45% of the variance in task completion, confirming its relevance to the educational sector. Conclusions. The results highlight that performance management in education requires a balance between goal accuracy and procedural fairness. Practical recommendations include the introduction of anonymous fairness assessments and training for managers using the Situation-Behavior-Impact (SBI) methodology, the integration of contextual performance into key performance indicators by taking into account mentoring and research initiatives, and the use of OKR (Objectives and Key Results) platforms for joint goal setting. Limitations of the study include the regional specificity of the sample (Russia) and the focus on the education sector. Prospects include studying PMSE in the context of digitalization and cross-cultural comparisons.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of a comprehensive concept of anti-crisis management of changes in the modern activities of Russian airlines. The relevance of the study is due to the high demand for the development of a special concept of anti-crisis management of changes in the activities of Russian airlines against the background of the influence of negative environmental factors and the desire to adapt to the current situation in the aviation sector. Methods. Observation, comparison, generalization, systematization, survey, analysis, synthesis. Purpose. The purpose of writing this article is to develop a methodological basis for the formation of a comprehensive concept of anti-crisis management of changes in Russian airlines, taking into account the specifics of modern conditions. Research objectives: to reveal the theoretical aspects of anti-crisis change management; to identify key factors of change that affect anti-crisis management in Russian airlines; to propose a concept of anti-crisis change management in Russian airlines based on an integrated approach. Results. To achieve the set goal, the content of management activities related to the implementation of changes in the airline's activities is described. The possibility of using anti-crisis management in managing changes in Russian airlines is considered. The main factors influencing both the external and internal environment are identified and analyzed, and on this basis, a comprehensive concept of anti-crisis management of changes in the activities of Russian airlines in modern conditions is formed. The characteristic aspects of the recommended comprehensive concept of anti-crisis management of changes are listed. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the priority areas for applying management efforts in the modern practice of Russian airlines and the possibility of using successful experience in the practice of Russian organizations in other areas of activity.

Introduction. The effectiveness and success of a large business are significantly determined by the qualifications, motivation and professionalism of employees. Modern personnel management in corporations implies an emphasis on workforce planning and a comprehensive analysis of the personnel potential of the enterprise. These aspects have an undeniable impact on areas such as optimal employee allocation, improved recruitment and selection processes, staff development and training, and reduced labor costs. Purpose. A comprehensive study of the personnel management process and the definition of the specifics of this process in a large corporation. Methods. Analysis, comparison, research and processing of statistical data, and graphical modeling. Results. The essence and features of such areas of personnel management as planning, staff motivation and staff development are revealed. The article defines the goals and factors of personnel planning. The purpose of personnel planning is not only to determine the optimal number of personnel and its structure, but also to plan future personnel needs, taking into account the knowledge, skills and competencies of employees. Career management can also be attributed to the elements of personnel planning. Special attention in the study is paid to the characteristics of methods of material and non-material motivation. One of the problems of ineffective motivation is a decrease in labor productivity. This is an issue that is being addressed not only at the corporate level, but also by the national economy as a whole. As part of the national project, which completed its implementation in 2024, aimed at increasing labor productivity at Russian enterprises, the task of increasing productivity at large enterprises in non-resource industries by 5% or more annually over the entire implementation period was solved. The article highlights the role of motivation in the dynamics of labor productivity indicators, and presents the dynamics of the productivity index over the previous period. In addition, the main components of the motivational process are working conditions, flexible, adaptive work schedule, decent wages and the opportunity for professional growth. Personnel development is also noted as a priority area of personnel management, and the main forms and methods of this process are described. As before, the main tool for personnel development is training. The study presents the characteristics of the main methods of personnel training in corporations, and the prospects for its application. It is noted that at the moment many corporations rely on the development of creative and creative abilities of staff. Conclusions. Thus, the article comprehensively examines the personnel management process, highlights its priorities in a large corporation, and provides a description of each of them.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of the service sector in the modern economy and the presence of significant problems in the current system of state support for enterprises in this sector at the regional level, including the rigidity of the criteria for obtaining support, the complexity of administrative procedures and insufficient funding. In conditions of economic instability and growing competition, effective government support is becoming a key factor in the sustainable development of service sector enterprises. Purpose. Development of a set of recommendations for improving the mechanisms of state support for service sector enterprises at the regional level. Materials and methods. The statistical data for Saint Petersburg for 2019-2022, the results of the HSE study on the factors limiting the activities of service sector organizations, and regulatory documents were used. The methods of statistical and comparative analysis, expert assessments, a systematic approach and economic and mathematical modeling are applied. The key evaluation indicator is gross value added. Results. A significant decrease in gross value added in the key service industries of St. Petersburg in 2022 was revealed; the main factors limiting the development of enterprises were identified: the uncertainty of the economic situation (63%), high taxation (43%), insufficient demand and lack of financial resources (41% each). The key disadvantages of the existing support measures have been identified: the rigidity of the criteria of the simplified taxation system (hereinafter referred to as the STS), the limited amounts of microfinance, and the complexity of administrative procedures. The analysis showed the need for a comprehensive modernization of the state support system. Conclusions. A set of measures has been developed to improve the system of state support, including softening the criteria of the STS, increasing the maximum amount of microfinance to 10 million rubles, creating a special guarantee fund with up to 90% coverage of obligations, introducing a unified digital platform for state support and creating an information support system for enterprises. The proposed measures will significantly improve the effectiveness of state aid and ensure the sustainable development of the service sector.

Introduction. The urgency of the problem of wage differentiation in Russia is determined by a number of factors related to the economic, social and territorial features of the functioning of the domestic labor market. Considering that the level of wages is an important indicator of the economic well-being of the population, the study of factors contributing to its uneven distribution is essential for the formation of effective mechanisms of state support and stimulation of economic growth. Given the pronounced dependence of workers' incomes on the specifics of the country's regions, a deep understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of this problem is required. Purpose. Conducting an empirical study of wage differentiation in different regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account their specific features. Materials and methods. The author examines key statistical analysis methods, including regression models and data visualization methods, which allows us to identify trends and patterns in the distribution of wages. Correlation analysis is used to study the relationship between the level of wages and various economic, social and demographic factors. The method calculates correlation coefficients, which allows you to determine the degree and direction of the relationship between variables. Multiple regression analysis is used to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of multiple factors on wages. It provides the ability to model dependencies and evaluate the impact of each independent variable on a significant dependent variable (salary level). As a final stage, tests are conducted on the significance of regression coefficients and checking whether the model corresponds to the normal distribution of residuals. Results and Conclusions. Wage differentiation in Russia is a complex and multifaceted process influenced by various factors. These factors are classified into economic, social and territorial, each of which contributes to the formation of income differences among workers. The analysis of wage differentiation in economic theory is carried out through the prism of various approaches, among which classical, neoclassical and institutional theories stand out. Each of these approaches offers unique insights into the factors that determine wage differences. Classical theory focuses on market mechanisms and working conditions; neoclassical theory focuses on individual productivity; and institutional theory focuses on the role of social institutions and norms. Understanding these approaches allows for a deeper analysis of the causes and consequences of wage differentiation in modern economies. Special attention is paid to theoretical approaches explaining regional income differences, such as the human capital model, the theory of the local labor market, and the concept of regional economic development. The study is based on official statistics and identifies factors affecting wages depending on the economic, social and infrastructural conditions of each region.

Introduction. The existing programs in Russia to increase the economic diversification of single-industry municipalities (single-industry towns), aimed at reducing the dependence of economic processes on the city-forming industry, should contribute to an increase in the quality of life of the population and ensure a reduction in migration outflow. However, the main vector of development of the territory still determines the degree of economic stability of the city-forming enterprise: in single-industry towns with a stable city-forming enterprise, negative trends in socio-economic and other development indicators are less pronounced than in single-industry towns with a depressed city-forming enterprise. The most important task remains to find ways and priority options for the development of the economy of single-industry towns. Materials and methods. The analysis of the dynamics of socio-economic indicators of the development of single-industry towns, as well as the functioning of city-forming enterprises, was carried out on the basis of official statistics posted in the state automated information system "Management", at the preliminary request of the authors to the state development Corporation "VEB.RF". Due to the fact that all statistical materials used are trade secrets or the data is publicly classified information, the results in this article are presented exclusively in the form of aggregated conclusions. Purpose. Identification of significant population factors influencing migration sentiment in single-industry towns, taking into account the state of economic stability of the city-forming enterprise. Research hypothesis. The development trends of single-industry towns are closely dependent on the degree of economic stability of the city-forming enterprise. The strategy of diversifying the economy of single-industry towns without the support of a city-forming enterprise does not have a significant positive impact on their development, and the lack of prospects for improving the quality of life contributes to increased migration of working-age citizens and motivates families with children to move. Object of research: factors of socio-economic development of single-industry municipalities affecting migration processes in single-industry towns. Results and conclusions. The article analyzes the existing features of the socio-economic development of single-industry towns and city-forming enterprises, presents the results of a sociological survey of residents of single-industry towns, and identifies motivational factors contributing to the formation of migration attitudes in society. Taking into account the current dynamics of changes in socio-economic indicators of the development of single-industry towns, it is possible to predict a further increase in population outflow in a significant proportion of single-industry formations, which will lead to an even greater decrease in the quality of labor resources.

The purpose of the research presented in the article is to develop scientific and methodological recommendations aimed at forming an institutional framework for the development of creative industries based on the study of theoretical approaches to the concepts of creative economy, creative industry, creative class, creative organization, as well as a comparative analysis of the legislative framework for the functioning of creative industries, the regional standard for the development of creative industries, generalization of statistical data from Rostovstat representing the features of creative industries in the Don region. Methods. The study combined descriptive and analytical, comparative and statistical research methods. The comparative method was used to identify discrepancies in defining the list of creative industries in various legislative acts, the descriptive and analytical method - in the process of describing the specifics of creative industries and approaches to their study, the statistical method - in describing the structure of creative industries in the Rostov region. Results. The systematization of the development stages of the science studying the creative economy and its elements, the substantiation of the need to develop special tools and management methods in the creative industries, as well as the differentiation of approaches based on the activation of creative capital and stimulation of creative and innovative thinking of the creative class and creative individuals. The contradiction of the current legislation was revealed, according to which a creative product is the result of intellectual, not creative activity, which certainly requires correction. The need to consider education as a creative and innovative industry was proven. Thus, the presented study may be of interest to legislators and researchers of the creative economy. Conclusions. Effective use of the creative capital of the region is the key to sustainable economic growth and social stability, which emphasizes the importance of integrating creative industries into the general model of economic development of the country. Institutionalization of the creative economy is an active, relevant process of interaction between the state, business, regional and municipal structures, capable of developing and consolidating the regional economy. When developing a strategy for the development of a creative economy, it is methodologically important to distinguish between the creative economy and the innovative-intellectual economy, creativity and innovation, creative products and innovative products, the creative class and the intellectual class, creative work and intellectual work, creative thinking and intellectual thinking, creative organizations and intellectual-innovative organizations, the creative process and the innovative process for the correct choice of management tools.

Subject. Economic activity of S. Yu. Witte and his contribution to insurance coverage as a method of risk mitigation in the national economy of tsarist Russia. Purpose. Assessment of S. Yu. Witte's contribution to the trajectory of insurance development as the most important method of risk mitigation during the transition to an industrial society and substantiation of its importance for the national economy of tsarist Russia. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a systems approach, which sanctioned the assessment of S. Yu. Witte's position on insurance coverage against unfavorable factor components and, on this basis, ensuring further promotion of insurance in tsarist Russia. In the course of the work, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: historiographic method, analysis, synthesis, generalization. The scientific novelty of the study consists in assessing the role of S. Yu. Witte in the development of insurance theory and practice in tsarist Russia and the materialization of his experience in organizing supervision of the activities of insurance business entities by organizations with regulatory powers. Results. In the scientific literature, the legacy of S. Yu. Witte, in terms of his contribution to the theory and practice of Russia's economic development, has been thoroughly researched and appreciated. There is a gap in assessing its role in expanding the boundaries of insurance as a tool to reduce the impact of adverse factors in all spheres of life, and in justifying the feasibility of introducing a regulatory function by the supervisory authorities for insurance business entities. Conclusions. It is concluded that the contribution of S. Yu. Witte to drawing attention to insurance as a method of mitigating the impact of unfavorable environmental factors, to justifying the need and feasibility of state regulation of institutions providing insurance coverage services by regulatory authorities, remains relevant in the modern world in the context of increased industrial and environmental risks. It is appropriate to familiarize ourselves with the legacy of S. Yu. Witte in the field of insurance to enhance his role in the economic life of modern society.

Introduction. Healthcare is one of the strategic goals of national security, because the problems of demographic, socio-economic character, defense capability and realization of the intellectual potential of the country's population cannot be solved without ensuring the health of the Russian population. Despite the specifics of the activities of healthcare institutions, budgetary institutions, in accordance with the current tax and budget legislation, are charged with the duties of paying taxes, fees and insurance premiums. However, the mechanism for fulfilling these obligations by these institutions has a number of features that must be taken into account in order to optimally spend state budget funds. Purpose. The study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the healthcare system, the formation and development of a mechanism for fulfilling tax obligations by budgetary medical institutions. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study was the scientific works of Russian figures, open statistical data of executive authorities, regulatory documents, analytical reviews and others. In the course of the work, research was conducted using general scientific and special methods of cognition: the comparative method, methods of dialectical and logical analysis, a systematic approach, methods of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, graphical representation and visualization of the phenomena under study, and others. Results. A study of the structure and essence of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, its size and composition, and the legal status of healthcare organizations has been conducted. The authors pay special attention to the consideration of approaches to determining the essence of classifications of values of the healthcare system, as well as to the study of the author's points of view regarding the interpretation of the content of this term. The mechanism of taxation of medical budget institutions is considered, the features of calculating the main types of taxes are highlighted, and the statistics of payments received from organizations in this sector are analyzed. Conclusions. The mechanism of fulfillment of tax obligations by budgetary medical institutions has a number of features regulated by tax and budget legislation, which must be taken into account in order to optimally spend state budget funds.

Introduction. The level of terrorist threats emanating from Ukrainian special services and international terrorist organizations has significantly increased in the Russian Federation against the background of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine. One of the threat-forming factors is attempts to involve young people from among foreign citizens in terrorist acts, which can be greatly facilitated by differences in spiritual and moral orientations with the Russian population. In this regard, the spiritual and moral education of young people, including those from among foreign students, is one of the main ideological tasks of the Russian state. Purpose. Identification of the most effective forms and methods of preventive work that reduce the degree of vulnerability and exposure to the ideology of terrorism and extremism among foreign students studying in educational institutions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Methods. In his research, the author relies on the actor's approach, the theory of communicative action by Yu. Habermas. Comparative and content analysis methods are used. Results and conclusions. Only a practice-oriented approach that takes into account the mentality of foreign students and the level of their spiritual and moral development is the key to their successful integration into the national cultural and socio-political space of the Russian Federation, develops a tolerant attitude and respect for national cultural traditions, promotes compliance with the norms and rules of conduct in force in the host country. One of the proven and proven forms of detecting the penetration of the ideology of terrorism into the youth environment is socio-psychological research on the methodology of diagnosing the propensity for aggression and deviant behavior of foreign students. This work allows, at the level of an educational organization, to form risk groups of foreign students who require increased psychological and pedagogical attention with preventive measures, individual consultations, and the involvement of these students in various additional educational services, which contributes to the early prevention of illegal actions.

Introduction. The relevance of the article is due to the increased importance of the People’s Republic of China in the modern geopolitical space. At the moment, the need for high-quality research on “China and the World”, “China and Asia”, etc. is increasing due to the expansion of cooperation between regional centers and the PRC in matters of culture, economics and education. Therefore, in order to better understand the partner and prepare joint projects, it is necessary to study the peculiarities of Chinese political discourse. Purpose. The purpose of the study is an in-depth analysis of Chinese political discourse to identify symbolic constructs that influence Chinese society. The author has set himself the task of studying the socio-political discourse of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), focusing on specific linguistic constructions (political slogans, phraseological units, chengyuev) broadcast in the media and their symbolic meaning. The research is aimed at identifying the links between these sign systems and the political narratives being formed, with special attention to the specifics of their functioning in the Chinese linguistic context. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the discourse analysis of political texts, supplemented by procedures for processing and interpreting empirical data. The empirical basis of the study consists of data obtained from social networks (mainly Chinese, WeChat), specialized scientific works in the field of political communication (works by P. Lazarsfeld, W. Lippman, etc.) and Sinology, as well as materials published in periodicals and mass media (People’s Daily, Huanqiu shibao, newspaper “World News”, BBC News). Results. The author’s «scheme» of linguistic symbols and phraseological units, which are systematically used to create a positive image of the Chinese people and the state in the international arena, is presented. The semiotic codes that form the image of the PRC as a state deeply rooted in its thousand-year history and culture, as well as characterized by a high level of diligence, have been identified. Conclusions. The article proves the need to revise the strategy of “soft power” used by the PRC, due to its insufficient effectiveness in the context of a globalizing media space and the growing influence of Western culture. The author comes to the conclusion that the traditional orientation towards maintaining the status of an “empire”, despite its uniqueness, does not provide adequate influence on European and Asian states.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in the implementation of crowdsourcing technology in the framework of political management. The author emphasizes the importance of striving for digitalization and reducing bureaucracy in the framework of communication between government authorities and civil society, but also pays special attention to the risks associated with the introduction of data processing technologies and possible threats to national security. Purpose. The author has set himself the task of studying the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in the implementation of crowdsourcing technology in the framework of political management. In this regard, he highlighted and emphasized the depth and sophistication of the views of I.V. Aksenov, A.N. Alimov, V.P. Berezin, A.E. Golovin and others. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and private scientific methodological tools: the method of abstraction, the comparative historical method, the method of retrospection, methods of induction and deduction, comparative analysis. Results. Based on this, an in-depth study of the long-term effects of the introduction of intelligent algorithms and crowdsourcing platforms will assess their impact on the social, economic and political life of society, thereby providing a solid foundation for the development of inclusive and effective governance mechanisms in the future. Conclusions. The article proves that the integration of artificial intelligence and crowdsourcing into managerial and political processes reveals the potential for fundamental changes in the public administration system aimed at improving services and increasing the level of inclusion of the population. These tools, if effectively implemented, can strengthen the dialogue between government and society, ensure transparency and prompt decision-making, and form a platform for a more rational resource policy.

Introduction. Currently, the definition of the political elite is expanding significantly. Now it is customary to classify not only managers and civil servants as the elite: an elite recruitment program is being formed, which is based on the inclusion of military personnel and, first of all, participants in a Special military Operation. On behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, the "Time of Heroes" program was created. It involves the training of highly qualified, competent specialists in the field of public service and state administration from among the participants of the Special Military Operation. In the future, graduates of the program are expected to work in state and municipal authorities. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Time of Heroes program, as well as its impact on ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation by analyzing the provisions of the documents, as well as the practice of recruiting and restructuring the existing political elite under the influence of the program implementation. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, the author relied on a set of scientific methods of cognition, such as system-structural, formal-logical and specifically sociological methods, and also turned to cognitive techniques, namely: observation, comparison, generalization. The study was based on the provisions on elite recruitment, its formation, functions and roles, as well as the main aspects of the "Time of Heroes" program. The empirical base of the study was made up of scientific publications, current statistical data on the role of the political elite in the national security system and the results of the "Time of Heroes" program. Results. The article examines the role of the political elite in the national security system, the process of its recruitment. The program "Time of Heroes" is analyzed, the purpose of its creation and the main aspects of training, the first results of the best graduates of the course and the key positions in the field of public administration headed by them are considered. Conclusions. At the moment, the issue of ensuring national security is a key one in the field of state development, the role of the political elite in ensuring it is great. The Time of Heroes program is a fundamentally new step in the process of formation and development of the elite, thanks to which structural changes in the field of public administration are taking place: citizens who defended the borders of the country, aiming at enriching, developing and preserving the state, can occupy the highest government posts.

Introduction. The vulnerability of young people to organizations that spread extremist ideology and involve them in terrorist activities poses a challenge for the scientific and pedagogical community to find effective ways to prevent it. Purpose. To study the worldview of students in the context of a gender analysis of the structure of the semantic content of the concept of "Coercion". Materials and methods. The study was based on data obtained during a free associative experiment. The main research methods were contextual analysis of lexical material, qualitative analysis of lexemes, semantic analysis of gender databases, and agglomerative-hierarchical cluster analysis of gender databases. Results. A gender linguistic analysis of the ideas of students of the humanities university about the process of coercion, obtained during a free associative experiment, allowed the authors to establish that according to common semantic features, the reactions received are divided into several groups (processes and actions; feelings and states; other reactions). It is noted that associations with the word "Coercion" include a number of metaphor reactions reflecting the personal meanings of the coercion process for respondents and its functions in relation to a person. At the same time, most of the available metaphor reactions have a negative emotional and evaluative connotation. Conclusions. A qualitative analysis of the lexical material obtained allows us to determine that the girls in the first place in terms of the percentage of mentions (by a margin) are the lexemes of the "Psychological pressure / imposition" block, the lexemes of the "Use of physical force" block are in the second place, and the lexemes of the "Blackmail / intimidation" block are in the third (by a wide margin). In turn, among young men, the lexemes of the "Use of physical force" block are in the first place (with a slight margin), the lexemes of the "Psychological pressure / imposition" block are in the second place, and the lexemes of the "Management (order, demand)" block are in the third (with a noticeable margin). This suggests a more "active" role for the male sample of respondents during the "implementation" of the coercion process. During the subsequent cluster analysis, the detailed structure of the lexico-semantic fields of the concept was established. Thus, it is established that the structures of the semantic content of the concept of "Coercion" in the linguistic consciousness of young men and women - native speakers of the Russian language do not diametrically coincide.

Introduction. Information methods of political management are implemented by influencing the political perception of citizens. Political perception is carried out consciously and requires critical thinking and cognitive efforts, but it affects the areas of the unconscious and subconscious, including the deep level of collective and cultural stereotypes, attitudes, and frames. In the modern Russian information field, the Telegram social network operates, which is of great importance for all users and, in particular, for participants in political discourse. Purpose. To analyze the processes that form the mechanisms that distort political perception in the Internet space, including: intentions towards information distortion and the formation of barriers to interpretation, theory and practice of cancellation, the dissemination of viral content, the formation of post-truth; the production of texts at the request of the customer; accounting for user activity; setting structured, multitasking goals when creating publications. Methods. Using the method of system analysis, the structure of the Telegram social network and the patterns of processes functioning in it were investigated. When combined, such processes form mechanisms that distort the political perception of users. Results. The trends and trends that are clearly expressed in the information policy space have been identified. Firstly, the processes that form the mechanisms of distortion of political perception include theories and practices of cancellation, the dissemination of viral content, and the design and reformulation of post-truth. Secondly, the impact on the political perception of users is through the production of custom texts, the content of which varies depending on the purpose of the customer. Thirdly, user activity is recorded, and the content of political posts and entire channel grids is adapted to the user's request. Fourth, any publication involves several tasks, so the impact on the audience presupposes the achievement of multitasking goals. Conclusions. It can be argued that the political perception of users of the Telegram network is influenced by information. However, this social network remains trusted as a channel for insider political information. The main trend in the political media space is the creation of convenient, easy-to-understand, but useful, "compressed" and ordered political content. We note the special relevance of the author's content, which is associated in the minds of citizens with specific media personalities, politicians, and leaders. Users don't have enough personalities to interpret what they perceive. A very important developing trend in the current political realities is the trend towards the inability to buy a blogger or order content. For perceiving subjects, awareness of the position of specific people and the exclusion of the possibility of "customized" opinions and positions becomes of paramount importance. Let's pay attention to the trend of integrating political information into entertainment content. Finally, a global trend is the formation of an individual information field in which the user finds himself and in which he perceives, among other things, the political reality. The basis of such preferences is trust in sources or authors. The selected channels form the specifics of the political consciousness and perception of the subject.

Introduction. Analytical studies of political processes are perhaps the most obvious alternative procedure by which to study the political culture of modern ruling elites. This problematic is of particular relevance in relation to the Russian Federation, which is in complex geopolitical conditions and the ruling class is forced to make decisions and respond to contemporary challenges. Also important is the fact that the current Russian political system has undergone significant transformations over the past 30 years, having made the transition from the institutional fragments of the Soviet state, creatively adapting to modern technological and cultural conditions. Purpose. To study the peculiarities of the political culture of the power elite of Russia in the conditions of socio-historical transformation. The analysis includes the historical milestones of the USSR, its collapse and the modern stage. Methods: analysis, historical-comparative method, systematisation, generalisation, grouping, abstraction. Results. Within the framework of the conducted research it was established that in the conditions of socio-historical transformation the political culture of the power elite of Russia has certain features and elements of continuity. Against this background, the distinctive features of the political culture of the ruling elite in the Soviet Union have been highlighted, which include: orientation towards a strong center, formation of a conflict environment in power while being able to find a political compromise, promotion and support of the most rational personnel. At the same time, the events of recent years, active confrontation with the West have endowed political culture with new characteristics, in particular, the popularization of and orientation towards an illiberal worldview that emphasizes the perfidy of Western elites, the importance of cultural traditions and resistance to left-liberal political programs. It is also emphasized that today ideology is not the only and by no means the main determinant, as it used to be, of the motives behind the behaviour of the political elite. The factors explaining decision-making are power considerations, economic dynamics, and in some cases personal aspirations. Conclusions. The results obtained in this article will make it possible to continue a comprehensive study of the process of formation of the political elite in Russia in the context of electoral movements, to determine the features of the implementation of the democratic model of development of the ruling class in the country and the factors inhibiting this process.

Introduction. The study is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the phenomena of marginality and deviance in modern society. In the context of intense social transformations, political and economic changes and the crisis of traditional institutions of socialization, there is an increase in various forms of social exclusion and deviant behavior, which requires deep theoretical and axiological understanding. In the context of the social space of postmodern reality, this is of particular interest due to the fact that the semantic content of the concept of "marginality" is changing. The study of the relationship between the processes of marginalization and deviation as indicators of social disadvantage and the dysfunction of social integration mechanisms is of critical importance. Purpose. A comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, methodological and axiological aspects of the problem of marginality and deviance. Materials and methods. The research methods are based on an interdisciplinary approach, including socio-philosophical, sociological and political analysis. The methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, as well as the analysis of empirical data from ongoing sociological research are used. Results. In modern society, marginality is becoming a universal trend of alienation, manifested at both the personal and group levels. The dualistic nature of marginality is revealed, which can manifest itself in the form of positive deviations (innovation and leadership potential) and negative ones (destructive behavior). It has been established that in the context of globalization and the blurring of socio-cultural boundaries, the traditional understanding of marginality is being transformed. Conclusions. At various levels, from theoretical developments to practical social policy and everyday life, it is necessary to take into account the dual nature of marginality. This means that along with traditional methods of isolating marginalized elements, it is important to develop various programs for their social and psychological adaptation, strengthening national unity. Such an integrated approach will allow us to find a balance between minimizing the risks and negative consequences of deviant behavior and using the positive potential of marginality, which can be a source of innovative thinking, new forms of leadership and breakthrough social changes.

Introduction. Due to the current geopolitical situation and the political agenda in modern public discourse, the self-sufficiency of the cultural and civilizational model of the Russian state is being constructed in the worldview of Russians. This process presupposes the presence of images and assessments of key historical events fixed in the collective memory. The relevance in the context of our research is due to the possibility of deconstructing the image of the 90s from modern Russian discourse, as well as determining its place in the worldview of various generations as one of the key periods of the past. Purpose. Based on the obtained sociological data, to analyze the image of the 90s in the generational groups "X", "Y" and "Z". Theoretical foundations. The methodological framework includes four main components. First, the theory of collective memory and social oblivion as elements of the construction of reality. Secondly, the cognitive-value structure of the Russian's worldview: a construct for analyzing various components of the worldview, in our case, the image of the 90s. The third component is represented by the theory of generations, according to which individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular social group (generation) based on a representation of a set of similar qualities determined by self-categorization. Fourth, a morphological analysis that will allow for the decontamination of the nineties as a separate element of political discourse. Results and conclusions. The article highlights some of the results of sociological research conducted in 2024 as part of the project: "Cultural universals in the worldview paradigm of modern Russian society: generational and regional dimensions." The main subject of the analysis was the transcribed data obtained as a result of the conducted focus groups. Based on the materials studied, it is possible to draw the following conclusions about the period of the 1990s: firstly, it is identified by respondents as one of the key points through which the legitimacy of the existing political order is justified, secondly, it has a rather contradictory image, which slows down the process of constructing and consolidating dominant ideas in collective memory, thirdly, continues to be the subject of a symbolic struggle in politics and culture, as a result of which opposite assessments exist in parallel in Russian society, Fourthly, Russian society has developed a steady interest in the period of the 90s, which entails the commercialization of the image and the exploitation of nostalgic experiences.

Introduction. The appeal to the topic of social justice today is due to the fact that a huge mission is assigned to teachers, educators of various levels, especially teachers of the humanities, in the face of unprecedented destructive information impact on young people. The task of preserving and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values has been set by the government of the country. Purpose. Actualization of the value of the ideal of social justice, preservation, strengthening and development of the ethos of Russian civilization, countering threats to the all-Russian national identity in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. Theoretical Basis. The methodological basis of the study is the general principle of historicism, the hermeneutic method as reading and interpreting philosophical texts; comparative analysis, which makes it possible to compare different historical eras, cultures, societies, civilizations. The key philosophical concepts of social justice of Russian thinkers of the XIX-XXI centuries are distributed according to the historical and personal basis. Of great methodological significance for our study is the concept of constructing "ideal types" by M. Weber as a theoretical scheme of the phenomenon under study and a kind of "standard", "model", "example". Results and conclusions. The article reveals the key directions in understanding the ideal of social justice in the concepts of Russian thinkers as a revelation of the Christian commandments, as a principle of a new life, as a principle of social relations. The spiritual and practical forms of existence of the ideal of social justice and the possibility of its realization in society are analyzed. The importance of the study increases in the context of the collision of two global trends: the aspirations of non-Western civilizations to form a multipolar world and the spread of the ideology of mondialism against the background of the global hybrid war being waged by aggressive Western forces, an integral part of which is a mental war aimed at dividing Russian society and blurring national identity. The reality of social justice is a guarantor of the preservation of Russia's national identity. The most important value in modern conditions is the realization of the ideals of social justice as a condition for consolidating and preserving the integrity of Russian civilization in the face of external threats.

Introduction. The article examines tradition, a social phenomenon with a long history and great social significance that is currently not fully appreciated by Russian social science. Purpose. To identify the essence of tradition as a cultural phenomenon, the features of its genesis, structure and social functions. Theoretical foundations. In the social sciences and humanities, there are three basic approaches to the interpretation of tradition. The first approach can be described as functional. It involves considering tradition as a function of transmitting the values of a particular people or an entire civilization in the historical process. The second approach to the interpretation of tradition can be designated as subjective, due to the fact that here tradition is considered as a relation to the heritage of the ancestors. In this case, tradition is not the heritage itself, but the conviction of its value as a factor of public consciousness. The third approach is called the object approach, since tradition is understood here as a legacy of the past worthy of preservation and transmission to future generations. As applied to the analysis of modern social processes, the latter interpretation seems to be the most appropriate, since it correlates with the concept of "value", about which there is an acute debate in the modern world regarding the optimal structure of society. Results and conclusions. Tradition is a social stereotype and a dynamic phenomenon. History is a process of the death of some social stereotypes and the emergence of others. In any society, one can single out the "core" - the primary tradition, which is the basis of society and determines the nature of all other elements of the system. It has a sacred character, gives meaning and organizes all other elements of culture. The primary tradition performs a semantic function in society, as well as the function of legitimizing political power. A complexly organized society may look like a set of traditions in which there is a primary tradition and secondary traditions as its variants. Tradition, in our opinion, is a legacy of the past that must be preserved in order to be passed on to future generations. The most important feature that distinguishes a tradition from a number of other cultural phenomena is its collective nature. Tradition is a dynamic phenomenon. History is the process of some social stereotypes dying out and others emerging. For this reason, it would be correct to consider traditions and innovations as social phenomena in their dialectical unity. Tradition is an exact analogy to the process of accumulation and transmission of experience by living organisms through genetic means. Since the process of tradition formation plays the same role in society as natural selection in nature, it is an object that has proven its value and the protection of the primary tradition of the social system is the key to the spiritual and physical survival of the people and the state.

Introduction. The article explores the concept of "social exclusion", which has become relevant in sociological science in the last few decades. Social exclusion has many causes and consequences, which makes it multifaceted and difficult to analyze. Special attention is paid in the article to rural youth, who often find themselves in a vulnerable position, which leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider them from the perspective of the lifestyle of this social group, various factors affecting the level of social integration of youth are considered. Purpose. Identify the main factors contributing to the social exclusion of rural youth. To study the lifestyle and needs of this group, including their leisure time, educational habits and social processes. Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on the conceptual provisions of the theory of social exclusion, which reveal the essence, causes and consequences of its occurrence, as well as on the basis of an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists who have studied social exclusion, which made it possible to identify a range of relevant causes of this problem. Results and conclusions. The outflow of the rural working-age population, including young people, is increasing every year, primarily due to socio-economic inequality and the increasing lag in rural and urban living standards. The significance of the research results lies in the fact that consideration of this problem will contribute to the scientific understanding of existing problems and the search for new solutions to this problem. The article determines that low living standards, high housing prices and difficulties in the labor market create barriers that make it difficult for rural youth to socialize. Thus, in order to solve the problems associated with the social exclusion of young people, it is necessary to develop comprehensive measures aimed at improving living conditions in rural areas, creating new jobs, developing educational programs and supporting initiatives that promote social integration. This is the only way to ensure that young people have equal opportunities for self-realization and participation in society, regardless of where they live.

Introduction. Due to the polynationality and polyethnicity of the Russian state, the behavior of the younger generation in different regions has both similarities and differences, a different system of value orientations, and social expectations. An example is the modern Dagestani society, which is experiencing a powerful process of religious revival, as a result, Islam and Islamic clerics have become leaders of public opinion and an authority for the younger generation of Dagestanis. The social expectations of the younger generation, as a rule, are closely related to the financial situation of the family and, according to the author, the material component is a key factor determining human behavior. The level of well-being creates different starting conditions for young people, allowing them to achieve their goals more quickly. Purpose. Establishing the degree of influence of the poverty factor on life goals, firstly, as a limiting component, secondly, as a stimulant to become rich, and thirdly, as a motivator to enter the circle of "successful people". Methods. A survey on the values and behavior strategies of the younger generation of Dagestanis was conducted in Makhachkala, Derbent, Kizilyurt, Khasavyurt, Botlikh, Derbent, Kazbekov, Kizlyar, Kumtorkalinsky, Levashinsky districts by random selection. Results. The economic behavior of Dagestani youth, the process of their adaptation to the market system, as well as the perception and assessment of market ideology is one of the topical issues in the study of the social well-being of the younger generation. The past historical period demonstrates the involvement of the younger generation of Dagestanis in market relations, the need to adapt to market conditions, the desire for financial independence, and part-time work in the private sector of the economy. Conclusions: - empirical material states the dominance in the mass consciousness of the younger generation of Dagestanis of the assessment of the level of well-being as average ("we live like everyone else") while stating "very good"; - analytics shows the designation of differences between rich and poor strata of society by the interviewed Dagestani youth: the dominant statement is about the ability of rich people to create for their childrenthe best starting opportunities"; - the Dagestani youth surveyed, regardless of the well-being of their family, claims to be in a high financial position ("to become a rich man"), that is, their claims are not affected by the level of their financial situation: a poor social group strives to become richer and rise to the category of a wealthy class; - it has been established that the state of financial situation is a key incentive in determining their future, and Dagestani youth are focused on "starting their own business" and finding high-paying jobs; - respondents associate financial security solely with personal qualities and their own potential; - the empirical material states the optimism, determination and desire for self-realization characteristic of the younger generation of Dagestanis with a positive perception of the wealthy social stratum.

Introduction. People with disabilities are prone to developing physical and psychological problems that can significantly worsen their lives and lead to social isolation. However, with the help of social work and the rehabilitation system, people with disabilities are able to acquire the skills and resources to successfully integrate into society and realize their potential. Purpose. To consider the problems of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, to reveal the main directions of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the Republic, to analyze current trends and the substantive foundations of professional medical and social expertise of persons with disabilities, including issues of social adaptation and their integration into society, as well as the need for structural transformation of the medical and social expertise service in the Russian Federation and the organization comprehensive medical and social rehabilitation as a priority area of state policy in relation to the disabled. Methods. The author relies on an identitarian and actor-based approach, using a comparative method. The scientific discourse in the field of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of disabled people is analyzed, the need for further improvement of the system of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of disabled people in the Russian Federation in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) is highlighted, which dictates the need to develop a Concept for the structural transformation of the medical and social expertise service in the Russian Federation, which is based on improving quality and objectivity, "transparency" and accessibility of disability services, the degree of disability and the determination of the needs of the person being examined for social protection measures and comprehensive rehabilitation. Results and conclusions. The study concluded that comprehensive rehabilitation disability includes sufficient compensation for the needs of people with disabilities in services aimed at the prevention and treatment of functional disorders and disability, and the main factors of its success in the context of the ICF concept are the formation and systemic development of society; designing an adapted space for people with disabilities and strengthening their interpersonal relationships; providing opportunities for personal development through participation in social life. One of the main trends in modern legislation on the social protection of persons with disabilities should be the transition from a medical model of disability to a model of social integration.

Introduction. In the context of the need to ensure the technological sovereignty of the country, import substitution, and the need to modernize the production infrastructure, research on the social status of personnel in priority industrial sectors, such as, for example, the oil refining industry, is of particular importance. Purpose. Consideration of the problems of the social situation of the personnel of the oil refining complex enterprises as one of the priorities of the national economy of the country. Analyze the staffing of relevant industry enterprises. Methods. To study the social situation of the personnel of the oil refining complex enterprises, the provisions of foreign and domestic studies of the sphere of labor and employment of the population were used, statistical and sociological empirical data were summarized, and their secondary analysis was carried out. Results. It turned out that the situation of the workforce in the area taken for analysis has similar characteristics to the global ones caused by the fourth industrial revolution, however, Russian trends related to the need to ensure the country's technological sovereignty, import substitution, and modernization of production infrastructure place oil refining among the priority sectors of the economy for the state, requiring regulatory influence in relation to timely training of professional personnel. engineering and working specialties. Conclusions. It has been established that the oil refining industry of the national economy currently has a shortage of personnel due to both demographic trends and shortcomings in the vocational training system, weak popularization of industrial professions and its information security, which is superimposed on updating the demand for new professions in the ten-year perspective of the specified sector of the national economy, which has a strategically important import-substituting priority.

Introduction. It is obvious that the Russian Federation can achieve technological independence only by developing its own technologies, but not by copying and using foreign developments as a basis. The author's concept of building automated control systems described in this article is unique and is not applied anywhere in the world. The bionic principles underlying it make it possible to achieve high economic efficiency in the construction of automated control systems, and give a good competitive advantage to economic entities when using the described technology. Purpose. To characterize the author's method of building automated control systems (ACS) - the so-called "Synthetic nervous systems" (SNS). Methods. The proposed method was based on concepts laid down by nature in the nervous systems of invertebrate living organisms. The article shows that the proposed approach reduces the time and financial costs of building automated systems, makes system scaling very simple, and maintenance and repair relatively cheap. The principle of the "bush of devices" proposed by the authors, formed by an artificial neuron, significantly reduces the labor, time and financial costs of creating a cable system. The principle of automatic identification of the type of devices connected to an artificial neuron eliminates the financial costs of programmer services and saves significant time during system integration. A reliable Ethernet local area network protocol for combining artificial neurons into a single system (instead of the long-outdated RS-485) allows you to build huge-scale systems with the possibility of reliable interaction of each neuron with any other neuron of the synthetic nervous system. The TCP/IP protocol stack, which forms the basis for data transmission between neurons, makes it possible to easily debug the system and build advanced graphical user interfaces running on all computing devices with a Web browser. Results and conclusions. It is shown that the integration, scaling and maintenance of automated control systems based on artificial CNS neurons is cost-effective compared to classical automated control systems built on a modular principle. The paper describes a method for increasing the economic efficiency of automated systems due to the principle of sufficient minimalism, i.e. by avoiding duplication of technologies in favor of one, but the most effective from a technical point of view. The principle proposed in this paper describes automation based on artificial nervous systems, which differs significantly from the classical principles of automation based on universal controllers.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure, mechanisms of interaction and mutual influence of the political and military elite in the context of various political conjunctures, both non-conventional and conventional. The author systematically analyzes historical and theoretical approaches to the study of elites, in particular the concepts of G. Mosca, V. Pareto, A.V. Duk and C. Mills. Special attention is paid to the processes of transformation of the balance of power between the political and military elites, depending on foreign policy threats, domestic political crises and stable periods of state development. Purpose. The author sets the following tasks: to investigate the mechanisms of relationships and interactions between the political and military elites, to identify their structural features, models of interaction, and to determine the influence of the political situation on the redistribution of power between these elite groups. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of comparative historical analysis, institutional and structural-functional approaches, as well as elements of political sociology and stratification analysis. Results. The study shows that the dominance of an elite group is determined by the specifics of the political situation. In conditions of war and external threats, the military elite comes to the fore, acquiring a leading role in public administration. In revolutionary periods, it can either support the current regime or become a force to overthrow it. In conditions of stable political development, the political elite dominates, and military structures are subordinated to civilian control. The models of interaction between political and military elites are revealed: segmented, integration and hybrid. Conclusions. The military and political elites form a complex system of interdependencies and interactions, in which the key role is played by the political situation, the political regime and the features of the social structure of a particular state. Their interaction can range from autonomy to almost complete consolidation, depending on the national security strategy, institutional structure and social conditions. Democratic systems presuppose strict civilian control over the military elite, while in authoritarian regimes it is possible to fully integrate the military into the system of state power. Studying this process allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of elite formation and their impact on the stability of political systems.

Introduction. In recent decades, information technology has become the driving force behind global intellectual and technological progress. It is extremely important for government and regional authorities to implement advanced information technologies for analyzing and organizing large amounts of diverse information. These technologies help citizens to interact conveniently with government agencies, increasing transparency and openness of management. Purpose. The author sets the key task of researching the global experience of using information and communication technologies in public administration, conducting a comparative analysis of the experience of developed countries in such areas as open government data and electronic government. Methods. The study was conducted through the analysis of publications and monitoring of Internet resources of developed countries (the official website of the governments of Latvia, the USA, Hungary, Singapore). The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and private scientific methodological tools: the method of abstraction, the comparative historical method, the method of retrospection, the methods of induction and deduction. Methods of logical analysis and synthesis of information were used. Results. In developed countries, special attention is paid to building an information society based on advanced information and communication technologies. The United States and the United Kingdom are leaders in the field of e-government implementation. A prime example in the UK is Predictiv, an online platform that conducts real-time behavioral experiments to test various management approaches and evaluate their potential effectiveness. Latvia and Hungary are also making progress in e-governance, improving access to information and increasing citizens' political engagement. Singapore is a leader in e-government due to its comprehensive informatization programs. It is established that developed countries are building an information society in the context of globalization, emphasizing the importance of information resources, economic growth and competition in the information and communication technology sector. Conclusions. For the successful implementation of advanced informatization practices in Russia, it is necessary to adhere to certain principles of digital transformation in public administration. These include focusing on research and innovation, developing high-tech IT infrastructure, creating a single digital space, ensuring stable financing of digital programs, and improving the quality of life of citizens through the effective use of technology. To accelerate the informatization and digitalization of public administration in Russia, it is extremely important to combine the efforts of government agencies, civil society institutions, business and the public in order to make the public sector more responsive to the needs of citizens and society as a whole.

Introduction. In modern conditions, research on the problems of the civilizational context in the formation of Russian elites is being updated, taking into account historical retrospect. This is a necessary element of elitist research, which makes it possible to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of elite formation in the political history of Russia and, at the same time, to represent the urgent problem of reproduction and preservation of historical memory as a foundational element of political culture and the prerequisites for its formation based on traditional values. Purpose. Identification of the civilizational context in the formation of Russian elites, taking into account the analysis of historical retrospect. Methods. When conducting the research, the author applied the historical and genetic approach; comparative historical and political analysis; civilizational approach (political science aspect). Results. The article identifies and analyzes the civilizational factors of the formation of Russian elites in Soviet Russia, in the mobilization conditions of the Second World War in the context of the problems of historical memory as a foundational element of political culture, as well as the problems of circulation, rotation, transformation and change of political elites. There are 4 generations of Soviet elites: the Leninist, Stalinist, Khrushchev-Brezhnev and Gorbachev elites. The specifics of the unique civilizational context and the common archetypal features of the Russian elites are shown, and the quality of the elites is assessed from the point of view of the civilizational-elitist approach. Conclusions. By the end of the Soviet era, a type of bureaucrat had crystallized-an official, a party and nomenklatura functionary, a representative of the political and administrative elite who aspires to privileges and career advancement. At the same time, in the confrontation between communist and capitalist ideology, the countries of the socialist and capitalist camps, in the process of radical renormalization of values, individual representatives of the elite and political leaders showed genuine patriotism, self-sacrifice and strategic talent for leading the country, turning it into a superpower. This is typical of the period of the militaristic-mobilization state of the socio-political system, in the situation of the Great Patriotic War, since in the face of an external threat, the people and the political elite rallied on the basis of patriotic ideology, traditional political culture, and the national interests of Russia.

Introduction. The effectiveness and success of a large business are significantly determined by the qualifications, motivation and professionalism of employees. Modern personnel management in corporations implies an emphasis on workforce planning and a comprehensive analysis of the personnel potential of the enterprise. These aspects have an undeniable impact on areas such as optimal employee allocation, improved recruitment and selection processes, staff development and training, and reduced labor costs. Purpose. A comprehensive study of the personnel management process and the definition of the specifics of this process in a large corporation.Methods. Analysis, comparison, research and processing of statistical data, and graphical modeling.Results. The essence and features of such areas of personnel management as planning, staff motivation and staff development are revealed. The article defines the goals and factors of personnel planning. The purpose of personnel planning is not only to determine the optimal number of personnel and its structure, but also to plan future personnel needs, taking into account the knowledge, skills and competencies of employees. Career management can also be attributed to the elements of personnel planning. Special attention in the study is paid to the characteristics of methods of material and non-material motivation. One of the problems of ineffective motivation is a decrease in labor productivity. This is an issue that is being addressed not only at the corporate level, but also by the national economy as a whole. As part of the national project, which completed its implementation in 2024, aimed at increasing labor productivity at Russian enterprises, the task of increasing productivity at large enterprises in non-resource industries by 5% or more annually over the entire implementation period was solved. The article highlights the role of motivation in the dynamics of labor productivity indicators, and presents the dynamics of the productivity index over the previous period. In addition, the main components of the motivational process are working conditions, flexible, adaptive work schedule, decent wages and the opportunity for professional growth. Personnel development is also noted as a priority area of personnel management, and the main forms and methods of this process are described. As before, the main tool for personnel development is training. The study presents the characteristics of the main methods of personnel training in corporations, and the prospects for its application. It is noted that at the moment many corporations rely on the development of creative and creative abilities of staff.Conclusions. Thus, the article comprehensively examines the personnel management process, highlights its priorities in a large corporation, and provides a description of each of them.

RETRACTED ARTICLEIntroduction. The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in the implementation of crowdsourcing technology in the framework of political management. The author emphasizes the importance of striving for digitalization and reducing bureaucracy in the framework of communication between government authorities and civil society, but also pays special attention to the risks associated with the introduction of data processing technologies and possible threats to national security. Purpose. The author has set himself the task of studying the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in the implementation of crowdsourcing technology in the framework of political management. In this regard, he highlighted and emphasized the depth and sophistication of the views of I.V. Aksenov, A.N. Alimov, V.P. Berezin, A.E. Golovin and others.Methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and private scientific methodological tools: the method of abstraction, the comparative historical method, the method of retrospection, methods of induction and deduction, comparative analysis.Results. Based on this, an in-depth study of the long-term effects of the introduction of intelligent algorithms and crowdsourcing platforms will assess their impact on the social, economic and political life of society, thereby providing a solid foundation for the development of inclusive and effective governance mechanisms in the future.Conclusions. The article proves that the integration of artificial intelligence and crowdsourcing into managerial and political processes reveals the potential for fundamental changes in the public administration system aimed at improving services and increasing the level of inclusion of the population. These tools, if effectively implemented, can strengthen the dialogue between government and society, ensure transparency and prompt decision-making, and form a platform for a more rational resource policy.

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