Стрельченко Елена Александровна

The article actualizes the need to consider the impact of fragmentation processes observed in the global economy on the formation of the economy in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the economic-theoretical content of the processes of the considered transformation from the standpoint of defining the categorical essence of fragmentation and deglobalization, identifying their evolutionary stages, as well as analyzing the essence of economic fragmentation. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the use of tools of comparative dynamics of macro-zone functioning in the Russian Federation, which allows us to identify the dependence on fragmentation processes at the regional level and to shape the direction of economic policy. The main emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the systemic consequences accompanying the transformation of business processes and public institutions, which synergistically determines the focus on leveling the negative conditions of global changes. The authors also present an evolutionary-theoretical characterization of fragmentation processes, which allowed to illustrate the presence of both positive and negative trends that contribute to the orientation of state economic policy towards the use of the model of “institutional design”. The study points out the cyclicality and causality of integration processes, which demonstrate trends towards the need for autonomization of national economies, which contributes to their progressive development. Thus, the study is of general theoretical nature and is aimed at actualizing the causal components of the formation of the national economic system in new economic conditions, subject to the influence of the geopolitical factor, which allows us to propose recommendations regarding the substantive reform of state economic policy instruments and identify the basic principles that minimize the impact of fragmentation on macro-processes: the use of expert opinions, the development of a multisystem of control.

In the article the authors consider the mechanism of labor motivation as a factor of reducing the organizational costs of the firm. A special place in the work is devoted to the problem of opportunism of workers. As a solution of this problem, we propose reinforcement of the motivation on the value level, which determines the need to use the whole complex of instruments that increases loyalty and commitment of the staff. It is underlined the need of transformation the system of motivation in the direction of flexibility, using the integrated approach to the formation of labor remuneration, which will provide an impact on the ideological component of labor.

The article explains the importance of small and medium enterprises at the regional level, analyzes the main indicators of development of SMEs in Russia and in the Rostov region, in particular, including innovation and adaptability. Presents the factors constraining the development of small and medium enterprises and analyzed the import substitution potential of the enterprises of small and average business of the Rostov region.

In the article the authors consider institutional priorities of formation of motivational mechanism in the labor market during the stagnation period, which took the form of recession. The authors develop mechanisms of adaptation to modern realities in the labor market: instability, inconsistency, uncertainty, high risk. The diversication of market mechanisms of motivation of economic entities in Russia was substantiated. The effects of informal and formal institutions on labor activity of individuals were assessed. It is argued that by means of formal rules it is possible not only set the normative rules of behavior, but also affect the nature of the informal motivating factors. Conversely, informal social norms in the process of its historical and economic development are formalized and consolidated as the law. The authors proposed to implement the classical and neo-classical type of contracts in the process of formation of the motivational mechanism of labor activity of workers, which gives the employer the opportunity to coordinate more effectively and control the process of interaction with the object of the contract. The authors identied instruments of labor motivation in Russian companies, corresponding to the principles of neoclassical economic theory.

The article analyzes the existed in the Russian labor market adaptation mechanisms to relevant economic conditions. It is noted that the structure of the post-soviet countries' labour market, particularly Russia, is determined by the features of transition period. Special attention is paid to the analysis of dynamics and structure of the shadow labor market, to the measures of its localization and to the lines of the public policy for reducing the shadow sector.

The article analyzes the main trends in the labor market of the Rostov region in the conditions of declining economic dynamics. Special attention is given to the correspondence between regional employment policy and the priorities of the state employment policy. Also author analyses the objectives that have been set in the Budget Message about the fiscal policy during 2015-2017 years.