Иванова Дарья Евгеньевна

Introduction. Modern economic science is characterized by a diversity of theoretical approaches and methodological tools for studying regional labor markets, which creates methodological heterogeneity and complicates the development of unified models for analysis, forecasting, and decision-making in their management. In the absence of reliable statistical information on the labor market of reunited territories, this issue becomes especially relevant, necessitating the development of new regulatory approaches that ensure both their stability and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is the development of strategic directions for the regulation of regional labor markets in reunited territories based on a cognitive approach, which allows for consideration of qualitative factors and causal relationships under conditions of incomplete statistical data. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research was the cognitive approach, implemented through simulation modeling methods. For structuring knowledge and analyzing causal relationships, cognitive maps of various levels of detail (weighted directed graphs) were constructed. Scenario modeling was conducted using the GMCS and "Ados-Pro" software systems. Additionally, content analysis of expert surveys and analysis of statistical data were applied. Results. The article argues that effective regulation of the regional labor markets of reunited territories requires the integrated application of cognitive modeling and traditional analytical methods. The developed methodological toolkit enables the consideration of qualitative factors and the construction of forecasts under conditions of uncertainty. The proposed strategic directions represent a practical mechanism for transitioning from crisis management to strategic development based on the simultaneous enhancement of the stability and competitiveness of regional labor markets. Conclusions. The article proves that effective regulation of regional labor markets in re-connected territories requires an integrated application of cognitive modelling and traditional methods of analysis. The developed methodological tools allow to take into account qualitative factors and make forecasts in conditions of uncertainty. The proposed strategic directions represent a practical mechanism of transition from crisis management to strategic development based on synchronous increase in resilience and competitiveness of regional labour markets.

Introduction. The urgency of the problem of wage differentiation in Russia is determined by a number of factors related to the economic, social and territorial features of the functioning of the domestic labor market. Considering that the level of wages is an important indicator of the economic well-being of the population, the study of factors contributing to its uneven distribution is essential for the formation of effective mechanisms of state support and stimulation of economic growth. Given the pronounced dependence of workers' incomes on the specifics of the country's regions, a deep understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of this problem is required. Purpose. Conducting an empirical study of wage differentiation in different regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account their specific features. Materials and methods. The author examines key statistical analysis methods, including regression models and data visualization methods, which allows us to identify trends and patterns in the distribution of wages. Correlation analysis is used to study the relationship between the level of wages and various economic, social and demographic factors. The method calculates correlation coefficients, which allows you to determine the degree and direction of the relationship between variables. Multiple regression analysis is used to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of multiple factors on wages. It provides the ability to model dependencies and evaluate the impact of each independent variable on a significant dependent variable (salary level). As a final stage, tests are conducted on the significance of regression coefficients and checking whether the model corresponds to the normal distribution of residuals. Results and Conclusions. Wage differentiation in Russia is a complex and multifaceted process influenced by various factors. These factors are classified into economic, social and territorial, each of which contributes to the formation of income differences among workers. The analysis of wage differentiation in economic theory is carried out through the prism of various approaches, among which classical, neoclassical and institutional theories stand out. Each of these approaches offers unique insights into the factors that determine wage differences. Classical theory focuses on market mechanisms and working conditions; neoclassical theory focuses on individual productivity; and institutional theory focuses on the role of social institutions and norms. Understanding these approaches allows for a deeper analysis of the causes and consequences of wage differentiation in modern economies. Special attention is paid to theoretical approaches explaining regional income differences, such as the human capital model, the theory of the local labor market, and the concept of regional economic development. The study is based on official statistics and identifies factors affecting wages depending on the economic, social and infrastructural conditions of each region.

The article analyzes innovations and trends in the framework of digital transformation from the point of view of economic, political, managerial and social spheres. The authors consider the trends of converting offline services to an online format, as well as the software and hardware support necessary for this transition. The aspects of optimizing work processes in all these areas when using information and digital technologies are studied. Conclusions are drawn about the need for the development and widespread transformation of offline services into a digital format.

Sustainable development of small and medium-sized businesses is a concept based on a strategic approach to management, which is aimed at achieving balanced economic, social and environmental goals. The scientific concept pays special attention to the sustainability of business in the long term, minimizing the negative impact on the environment and ensuring long-term well-being for both the organization itself and society as a whole. The article focuses on the role of the state in managing the sustainable development of small and medium-sized businesses. Statistics on involvement in SMEs in the regions of the Russian Federation are presented, relevant measures to support entrepreneurship within the framework of the national project "Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative" in the tourism, agricultural and import sectors are highlighted.

The unstable geopolitical situation in the world, crises, the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the impact of other external effects have negatively affected the process of attracting foreign direct investment to the country. In this aspect, it is necessary to use all scientific and methodological tools, as well as elements of econometric analysis to understand how the needs of regions in the use of foreign direct investment are formed. These investments are fundamental and contribute to the integrated development of socio-economic processes and systems. The authors have identified the key needs of the subjects of the Russian Federation in obtaining foreign direct investment. A regression model of the volume inflows to the region for the current period and the division of the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the average level of foreign direct investment inflows during the period under review are presented.

Imperatives of food security are largely determined on the basis of economic policy, as well as on the basis of the use of various tools and technologies for regulating agricultural and food markets. This means that it is impossible to study the basic problems related to the organization of food security without defining these points. The article analyzes the historical approach and describes the key periods associated with the formation of food security. The author defines the role and impact of sectoral sanctions on the food security system of the Russian Federation, and also identifies key areas that contribute to the development of import substitution in the Russian Federation.

The relevance of assessing the innovative potential of the region is that within the framework of changes in the economic system due to the influence of digital technologies and increasing competitive advantages of the region, the goal-oriented innovation system of long-term development is one of the dominant structural elements of the socio-economic system of the national state as a whole. The purpose of the analysis of innovation systems presented in the southern regions of the Russian Federation - the Rostov region and the Krasnodar territory, is to determine their impact on the national potential of the innovation economy. The article describes the author's application of methods of econometric modeling, correlation and regression analysis for calculating the research Methodology allowed to achieve a complete understanding of the picture of innovative development of the Russian economy, to identify its main trends, opportunities and limitations.

In order to select the necessary changes of fiscal policy authors propose a conceptual analysis of the economic approaches involving different options for management of public finances. We consider the Keynesian model of effective demand and restriction of economic programs. The authors found a correlation between the direct costs of innovation development and GDP.

The article examines regional innovation system and the possibility of objective, integrated their evaluation. The author distinguishes two basic methods and according to them attempts to estimate of innovative potential of regions of the Southern Federal District. Formulated the practical necessity of innovation potential research areas.