Ensuring Russia's economic security through the implementation of import substitution policy

Abstract

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze the effectiveness of import substitution measures, their impact on various sectors of the economy and identify key problems that hinder the achievement of set goals. Despite significant efforts by the government and business, the import substitution process faces a number of challenges, including technological constraints, a shortage of qualified personnel, and insufficient competitiveness of individual industries. Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the import substitution policy as a key element of Russia's economic security strategy, evaluate the results achieved and formulate proposals for its further optimization. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and special methods of cognition. Among them: the method of system analysis - to consider the policy of import substitution as an integrated element of the economic security system; the comparative method - to compare data for different periods; content analysis - to study key government programs, strategic documents and regulatory legal acts regulating this area. Results. It is shown that a comprehensive institutional framework has been formed to date. Russia has created a multi-level system for managing the import substitution process (Government Commission, state programs, national projects, etc.), which focuses on a wide range of industries, from agriculture to high technology. Significant successes have been achieved in the "low- and medium-tech" sectors. Critical dependence remains in high-tech industries. The greatest risks and challenges remain in areas requiring complex technological solutions, a deep scientific base and global supply chains: medical equipment, electronics, automotive, complex industrial and energy engineering. Conclusions. The article proves that the key factor in the successful implementation of the import substitution strategy in the context of strengthening the economic security of the Russian Federation is the formation by the state of institutional and economic conditions conducive to the development of entrepreneurial activity of various scales - from large corporations to small and medium-sized businesses. At the same time, it is of particular importance to stimulate domestic and joint entrepreneurship aimed at increasing the competitiveness of manufactured products both in terms of price parameters and quality characteristics, which will ensure their competitiveness not only in the domestic but also in the global market. The success of the import substitution policy as a factor of Russia's economic security depends on the synergy of three elements: government support (institutions, financing, etc.), business production capabilities (R&D, cooperation, quality) and consumer confidence of the population. Ignoring any of these components will significantly slow down the achievement of the goals of technological sovereignty.