Samygin P. S.

Introduction. The relevance of scientific research on patriotism as a basic component of the social health of youth in post-Soviet countries and the problems of its formation in the context of state youth policy is due to the fact that the values of patriotism and citizenship are able to unite representatives of various youth groups into a single socio-cultural community and act as the most important spiritual basis for the national security of these countries. Purpose. The article analyzes the essence and main content of patriotism as a basic component of the social health of youth in post-Soviet countries and the problems of its formation in the context of state youth policy and the identification of promising areas of patriotic education. Methods. The paper uses methods of comparative, statistical analysis, secondary analysis of materials from applied sociological research, as well as scientific works by Russian scientists devoted to patriotism as a basic component of the social health of youth in post-Soviet countries and the problems of its formation in the context of state youth policy. Results. The formation of patriotism as an essential component of the social health of young people is one of the fundamental directions of state youth policy in post-Soviet countries. Patriotism currently acts as the most important factor contributing to the integration of representatives of various youth groups into a single socio-cultural community, which is especially relevant in the context of a constant increase in internal and external risks. An analysis of empirical data indicates that there are certain contradictions in the minds of young people in Russia and other post-Soviet countries: despite the fact that the vast majority of young people in these countries declare their commitment to patriotic values and ideals, at the same time, a significant part of young people demonstrate their intention to emigrate from their country and realize their potential abroad. The State youth policy aimed at the formation of patriotism as a basic component of youth social health provides, along with the promotion of traditional values and appropriate patriotic education, comprehensive activities designed to promote effective self-realization of youth in various spheres of society. Conclusions. The work emphasizes that patriotism acts as a significant factor contributing to the harmonious integration and integration of young people into society, contributing to the disclosure of their multifaceted potential and strengthening social health. A significant prerequisite for the formation of developed and sustainable patriotic values in the minds of young people is a government policy aimed at creating favorable conditions for the self-realization of young people in various spheres of public life, which includes opportunities to realize their abilities in work, as well as providing young people with high-quality medical, educational and other services. In the event that such a policy is characterized by a high degree of effectiveness, young people who feel taken care of by the state naturally develop a sense of social justice, and a high level of trust in state and public institutions is formed, which also promotes the establishment of patriotic attitudes.

Introduction. The relevance of scientific research on the problems of forming the civic identity of students is due to the fact that it allows future specialists with higher education to form an idea of themselves as part of a certain country, as well as a sense and understanding of their own identity with other citizens and a willingness to carry out socially positive activities carried out for the common good. Civic consciousness or civic identity is the foundation of a system of personal values and worldviews that form the spiritual foundation of the country's national security.Goal. The research is aimed at identifying the essence and promising ways of forming the civic identity of students in the system of modern Russian higher education, as well as at studying effective educational and educational methods that contribute to the formation of a developed and stable civic position of students based on adherence to traditional spiritual, moral and civic-patriotic values.Methods. The article uses methods of comparative, statistical analysis, primary and secondary analysis of materials from applied sociological research, as well as scientific works by Russian scientists devoted to the problems of forming the civic identity of students in the system of modern Russian higher education.Results. The formation of a developed civic consciousness among students is currently an important task for the higher education system, since in this case it is about developing students' civic position, their awareness of their belonging to the Russian people, society and the state, their willingness to contribute to the development of the country through creative work, commitment to traditional values. The results of sociological surveys of students of higher educational institutions indicate the demand for civil and patriotic actions among students, however, a significant part of students do not feel much interest in such events. Practice shows that interest in patriotic events among Russian students can be increased if these events are not conducted exclusively formally, but become socially and personally significant for each student.Conclusions. Civic consciousness or civic identity is the foundation of a system of personal values and worldviews that form the spiritual foundation of the country's national security. Currently, there is an objective need to enhance the educational impact on students in order to instill in them fundamental civic and patriotic values. Effective activities aimed at the formation of a developed and stable civic identity of students of modern Russian universities involve the use of an integrative approach in the process of training specialists in the higher education system. In the framework of educational and educational processes, it is advisable to use both traditional and new pedagogical technologies involved in conducting classroom and extracurricular activities with students.

Introduction. The relevance of the scientific study of the problems of spiritual and moral education of students in the system of modern Russian higher education is due to the fact that the degree of effectiveness of the educational activity in question depends on the assimilation and acceptance by students of relevant values and guidelines of a spiritual and moral nature, which form the basis of the Russian worldview, the foundation of national and civil identity, and the unified socio-cultural space of the country. The importance of spiritual and moral education is also determined by the fact that university graduates in the near future will form the elite of Russian society, whose representatives will have to make decisions affecting various areas of the country's life, implement socio-economic and cultural policies, the degree of effectiveness of which depends on the well-being of Russian citizens. Purpose. The research is aimed at identifying the main problems of functioning and determining the prospects for the development of the system of spiritual and moral education in modern Russian higher education, as well as at studying effective means and methods of activity aimed at the assimilation and acceptance of spiritual and moral values by students, forming the basis of their worldview and identity. Achieving this goal will make it possible to determine the optimal methods of educational activities within the framework of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines, providing for the formation of civic and patriotic values in the minds of students. Methods. The paper uses methods of comparative, statistical analysis, secondary analysis of materials from applied sociological research, as well as scientific works by Russian scientists devoted to the problems of spiritual and moral education of representatives of various groups of youth in modern Russian society. Both theoretical and practical research tools were used as the methodological basis of the study. Results. The spiritual and moral education of students currently acts as an essential component of the educational process in higher education, and the university training system as a whole is designed to play a fundamental role in the formation of stable moral guidelines for students. The authors note that the introduction of the new course "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" into the curricula is part of the state educational policy aimed at strengthening the social and humanitarian training of students, revitalizing the value component of the educational process in higher education, based on traditional Russian values of a spiritual and moral nature. Conclusions. The need to strengthen the educational impact on students is currently due to the fact that in the post-Soviet system of higher education, despite individual educational programs and activities, there was a significant gap in the field of spiritual and moral education of young people, and educational activities in general were characterized by a certain haphazardness, lack of clear goals and objectives of educational impact on students. The main goal realized in the process of teaching the "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" is to consolidate in the minds of students a system of values related to awareness of belonging to the Russian civilization, patriotic and civic attitudes, and the spiritual and moral foundation of a personality that perceives its own vital activity in the context of social development and combines its goals with social progress, sustainable and progressive the development of the country as a whole.