Vasilchikov Alexey V.

Introduction. The shortcomings of the domestic system for assessing environmental protection measures and eco-investments are related to the assessment methodology itself, including: the lack of unified methods for calculating prevented damage, the incomparability of costs between regions, the fragmented nature of statistical accounting by periods and included components, and the lack of consideration of delayed effects from capital investments. This leads to incorrect interregional comparisons, a systemic imbalance in compensation mechanisms, and a systematic underestimation of the actual effectiveness of capital-intensive eco-projects. Purpose. Based on a comparative analysis of methodologies for assessing the effectiveness of environmental protection measures in the Russian Federation and abroad, identify institutional and statistical limitations, assess the actual environmental and economic effectiveness using the example of several regions of the Russian Federation, and develop an integrated model that balances fiscal, restorative, and incentive functions. Methods. The study was based on a systematic and institutional approach, conceptual modeling, a comparative analysis of foreign and domestic methods, and an economic and statistical analysis of empirical data from various regions of the Russian Federation. The selection of regions for analysis was carried out based on the principle of theoretically grounded typological sampling, using formalized criteria (the share of industry in GRP, the volume of emissions, and the availability and completeness of statistical series). Results. The study identified a systemic imbalance in compensation mechanisms in the Russian Federation, the lack of a unified methodology for assessing the effectiveness of environmental protection measures, and a low share of private environmental investments. Using a modified DEA model, a ranking of regional efficiency was constructed, and a direct correlation between eco-investments and damage reduction, as well as the delayed effect of capital expenditures in projects, was established. An integrated model was developed, which includes a methodology for assessing real damage taking into account ecosystem services, the calculation of economically justified compensation rates, and tools for assessing the contribution of environmental protection measures to achieving sustainable development goals. Conclusions. The implementation of these solutions will help overcome key methodological and institutional barriers, transforming the assessment of the effectiveness of environmental protection measures into a proactive tool for managing natural capital, which ensures the synergy of the three priorities for sustainable regional development.

Introduction. The dynamics of the modern socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is accompanied by a steady increase in anthropogenic pressure on natural systems, which actualizes the problem of searching for effective environmental policy tools. In this context, economic mechanisms for compensation of environmental damage are evolving from simple cost recovery to a complex institutional process integrated into the strategic management system. However, their practical implementation is faced with systemic contradictions of a methodological and institutional nature. Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of economic mechanisms for compensating for environmental damage in the Russian Federation, identify systemic contradictions, and develop a conceptual model aimed at achieving regional sustainable development goals. Methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of systemic and institutional approaches, conceptual modeling, comparative and economic-statistical analysis of empirical data. Results. The imbalance in the system of compensation mechanisms is identified, manifested in the dominance of the fiscal function over the restorative one and the low efficiency of damage collection. To address these issues, an integrated environmental management model (EDM) was developed. It includes a methodology for assessing actual damage taking into account lost ecosystem services, an algorithm for calculating economically justified compensation rates, and a tool for assessing the contribution of environmental measures to achieving regional sustainable development goals. Conclusions. Implementation of the proposed concept will overcome key methodological and institutional barriers, transforming environmental compensation from a reactive measure into a proactive tool for managing natural capital in the context of ensuring regional sustainable development.

Introduction. The relevance of studying the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of regions is associated with a changing world, a change of generations, paradigms, and, therefore, methods for assessing the level of development of the territory. Digitalization processes that are rapidly penetrating into all spheres of life; the demand of the population to accelerate the exchange of information, to increase the quality of life and the quality of goods and services received due to the growing needs - all this is important to take into account when developing the methodology for assessing the region. Currently, active attention is paid to the development of the social sphere, as well as attention to a person not as a unit, only generating income, but to a person as a person with an inner world, character, individual needs. Therefore, theories based on the growth of human capital, a human-centered approach are actively developing today. In a rapidly changing environment, taking into account the digital transformation of society and the introduction of neurotechnologies in the development and management of the region, this topic requires in-depth analysis, in particular, the study of foreign approaches to assessing the level of development of the socio-economic system. Purpose. Systematization of Russian and foreign methodological approaches to the assessment of the socio-economic system of the region. Materials and methods. The study was carried out using basic scientific methods of theoretical knowledge: theoretical analysis of methodologies for assessing the level of socio-economic development of the region, synthesis and generalization of the studied material to identify key aspects of domestic and foreign methodologies for assessing regional development. Results and Conclusions. Systematization of the methodological approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to assessing the level of the socio-economic system of the region was carried out with an emphasis on a human-centered approach to the balanced development of the region. Each of these approaches offers unique perspectives on factors that determine differences in assessing the level of resilience and human-centric development of a region. An important emphasis of domestic and foreign practice in the formation of the methodology for assessing the region is the indicators of the digital transformation of the region and the peculiarities of the change of generations. Understanding these approaches allows us to further analyze the causes and consequences of differentiation of regions according to the level of socio-economic development.