Дюжиков Сергей Александрович

Introduction. The relevance of this study is driven by the growing size and political activity of diasporas in Russia, which amplifies their impact on the host society and establishes them as a significant factor in national security. Purpose. To conduct a functional analysis of diasporas as one of the social institutions in contemporary Russia. Methods. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study is based on the concept of neoinstitutionalism. This foundation informed the development of the author's original approach, which allows for differentiating the characteristics of diasporas as social institutions and as organizations. The research on the social institutions of diasporas and the Russian political system employed methods of theoretical analysis, generalization, and data systematization. Results. The article provides an analysis and an author's critique of the regulatory framework governing state-diaspora interactions. It also summarizes and systematizes data from academic literature concerning the political objectives of diasporas and the socio-political practices prevalent among their members. Factual evidence from online sources, including reports from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and news channels, is presented to support the relevance of the identified trends. Conclusions. The study establishes that diaspora institutions exhibit significant dysfunctions. These include the promotion of anti-integrationist attitudes, lobbying for the interests of their countries of origin and specific ethnic groups to the detriment of the indigenous population, as well as the propagation of ethnic conflict and criminality. The article substantiates the view that the proliferation of these institutional dysfunctions is rooted in the paradoxical political status of diasporas. Despite possessing extensive rights, they have long remained largely unaccountable and beyond the effective control of the host state. The proposed solution involves improving legal mechanisms for the oversight and accountability of diasporas to curb destructive practices and safeguard the interests of the Russian state and society.

Introduction. The issues of professional socialization of students in the context of migration, digital transformation, globalization, and "post-graduate" mobility remain a priority for educational and economic institutions. Purpose. The analysis of students' perceptions of aspects of professional socialization and university management practices that ensure the effective reproduction of the professional structure of society is conducted. Methods. As an empirical basis, data from research projects conducted by the Center for Applied Sociological Research at the Institute of Sociology and Regional Studies at the Southern Federal University, in cooperation with the trade union organization of the Southern Federal University, were used. The research involved university students from the Rostov region. Additionally, a study conducted on the "Caring Man" platform in 2024 was also taken into account. Results. The article aims to analyze students' perceptions of professional socialization aspects and management practices that contribute to the effective reproduction of the professional structure of society. It includes an analysis of students' assessment of professional socialization factors in relation to their academic performance and future employment strategies, as well as their ideas about their career plans, motivation, and conditions for selecting a job in their chosen field. Conclusions. The study identified trends typical of students, which reflect a value-based approach to education on the one hand and institutional ways of managing the educational process on the other. It was found that students' professional strategies and motivational foundations differ depending on academic achievement and course of study. A request for adaptation of the university's system of professional socialization to current labor market conditions and applicant needs was identified. Despite independence in choosing professional paths, students rely on university assistance in finding employment. This highlights the need to expand and improve existing management practices in professional socialization, including through the organization of internship programs and the creation of a platform for continuous communication between companies and customers. Future employees who are currently pursuing higher education programs.

The article is devoted to studying the opinions of students with different levels of academic performance regarding the educational process. The article presents the results of a student survey on satisfaction with various aspects of education at one of the largest universities in the South of Russia - the Southern Federal University. The empirical material was collected by means of a questionnaire survey using the Russian service for creating surveys Anketolog (https://anketolog.ru/). The sample size for the Southern Federal University was 661 people. The calculation of the obtained empirical data, their statistical processing were carried out using the SPSS program, version 26.0. The conducted analysis of student assessments showed that the request for obtaining a specialty that will allow you to get an interesting and favorite job in the future is formed by all SFedU students, but students with different levels of academic performance perceive the educational process differently and determine the directions of their own development. Excellent students are focused on gaining in-depth knowledge in their chosen specialty, have a more pronounced focus on research and development, strive to develop practical professional skills through additional tools, and have a more confident position on the issue of employment in their specialty and their own demand in the labor market. Students with low academic performance are focused on gaining social skills necessary in everyday life, on communicating with peers; their position on issues of future professional development is more blurred than that of students with high academic performance.

The article deals with the problem of the development of civilian capacity to regulate inter-ethnic relations in modern Russia. Programs, national policy documents and statements by state leaders declare the goal of increasing the participation of civil society institutions in the implementation of national policy objectives and activities. However, real social practices indicate a low level of subjectivity of civil institutions in the implementation of programs for the harmonization of inter-ethnic relations, the absence of an equal dialogue between government bodies and public associations. Overcoming such a problem is possible on the basis of measures proposed by the authors of the article and will allow neutralizing the current risks of the dynamics of intercultural communication in Russia and in the Rostov region.