Stepanov Konstantin V.

Introduction. The study is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the phenomena of marginality and deviance in modern society. In the context of intense social transformations, political and economic changes and the crisis of traditional institutions of socialization, there is an increase in various forms of social exclusion and deviant behavior, which requires deep theoretical and axiological understanding. In the context of the social space of postmodern reality, this is of particular interest due to the fact that the semantic content of the concept of "marginality" is changing. The study of the relationship between the processes of marginalization and deviation as indicators of social disadvantage and the dysfunction of social integration mechanisms is of critical importance. Purpose. A comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, methodological and axiological aspects of the problem of marginality and deviance. Materials and methods. The research methods are based on an interdisciplinary approach, including socio-philosophical, sociological and political analysis. The methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, as well as the analysis of empirical data from ongoing sociological research are used. Results. In modern society, marginality is becoming a universal trend of alienation, manifested at both the personal and group levels. The dualistic nature of marginality is revealed, which can manifest itself in the form of positive deviations (innovation and leadership potential) and negative ones (destructive behavior). It has been established that in the context of globalization and the blurring of socio-cultural boundaries, the traditional understanding of marginality is being transformed. Conclusions. At various levels, from theoretical developments to practical social policy and everyday life, it is necessary to take into account the dual nature of marginality. This means that along with traditional methods of isolating marginalized elements, it is important to develop various programs for their social and psychological adaptation, strengthening national unity. Such an integrated approach will allow us to find a balance between minimizing the risks and negative consequences of deviant behavior and using the positive potential of marginality, which can be a source of innovative thinking, new forms of leadership and breakthrough social changes.

In the article, the concepts of "political elite", "political leadership" and "deviation" were analyzed in their interrelation and interdependence, the "paradox of elites" was revealed, associated with the duality of their positioning in the system of public morality and management, provided with exclusive powers and resources to establish socio-political norms, realize their own interests, and approve practices Doublethink, transgression and arbitrariness as attributes of political morality based on the paradigm of Machiavellianism and the concept of political efficiency. Since in classical and modern concepts of administrative and bureaucratic elites, their essential characteristics and functionality are determined in accordance with the rational-legal type of domination, the main deviations of their behavior and quality occur in the plane of deviation from the system of rational-legal attitudes and rules. On the one hand, in order to prevent deviations, this focuses on the maximum exclusion of the impact of the so-called "human factor" in political management, associated with the objective tendency of the elite to isolate, distance itself from the majority, its exploitation in the corporate interests of retaining and increasing power, etc. On the one hand, in order to prevent deviations, this focuses on the maximum exclusion of the impact of the so-called "human factor" in political management, associated with the objective tendency of the elite to isolate, distance itself from the majority, its exploitation in the corporate interests of retaining and multiplying power, etc. And, on the other hand, actualizes the problems of the value component in the activity administrative and political elites, the problem of serving the interests of the majority and state strategic development goals, identifying and analyzing mechanisms and models of political governance not only on the basis of legal rationality, but also traditional public values. At the same time, the most promising model of interaction between a political leader and his followers is the constitutional model, and transformational leadership is most consistent with the tasks of parrying the mechanisms of deviation of political elites and the development of civil society in crisis transitions.