Китаева Людмила Васильевна

Introduction. The processes of globalization in the global economic system are associated with the aggravation of geopolitical tensions. The problems of protecting national interests are being actualized, the solution of which is related to the formation of conditions for fair exchange, which requires restructuring the existing system of international settlements. Purpose. The modern international financial system is in a state of turbulence, followed by an inevitable restructuring towards increasing the sovereignty of individual States and respecting national interests. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of building interstate mutual settlement systems in order to identify possible directions for the development of relations within the BRICS using intra-block settlement and investment instruments. Methods. The work is a logical continuation of the author's previously published research. The research methods are a structural analysis of the institutional organization of the global financial system, using a historical and logical approach, description, comparison, and establishment of cause-and-effect relationships in building a financial infrastructure that generates and redistributes monetary rent, which is an independent source of income for the issuing states of payment instruments and is not always appropriated by the owner-producer of the goods. Results. Possible options for organizing an alternative global payment system within the framework of BRICS are presented. It has been proven that the global economy is currently in the stage of a new transition. There are two alternatives to the new settlement infrastructure: the creation of a multicurrency basket of partner countries (such as ECU, euro, etc.), or the development of a new digital financial instrument as an absolutely unparalleled universal equivalent. The authors of the article tend to see disadvantages in the first approach due to the impossibility of implementation without taking into account the principle of regionalization, and are inclined to the need for a qualitatively new approach in the organization of modern payment systems based on the production and exchange sale of cryptocurrencies. Conclusions. For the countries that are members of the BRICS and are partners of this union, the most fair option, eliminating the mechanism of discrimination and capture of monetary rents by unfriendly entities, is to create a block payment instrument for mutual settlements within the union, based on the parity of the national economies of the union, like the euro, or a fundamentally new electronic or cryptocurrency, to invest in which will be produced by the countries included in the block.

The article is about the transformation of the global monetary system that has been taking place in the last two decades, as well as the forecast of the future architecture of international settlements and reserves. The authors refer to the key modern trends as de-dollarization, regionalization, blockism and the struggle for the appropriation of rental income within the framework of national economic systems. The authors state that further transformation of the global financial system is inevitable, it will lead to the dismantling of the usual institutions of international settlements and the automatic destruction of sanctions as an institution of political pressure on nation states, and the sooner this process is launched, the higher the probability of economic growth in the blocs of friendly countries based on deep economic cooperation and common interests.

The article implements an extended interpretation of the category of rent and its types. Private ownership of a limited resource is analyzed as the basis of rental relations, as well as formal and informal institutionalization of private property. The state's rent-seeking behavior is viewed through the prism of the creation of supranational institutions that make it possible to redistribute rental income in favor of dominants in the world economy. The creation of military conflicts acts as a kind of channel for extracting complex rent - monetary (dollar), land, military.

The article is about innovative rent as determining the possibility of obtaining additional income from the monopoly on innovative development. Variants of rent-oriented behavior caused by the struggle of interests for the appropriation of income from innovations are described. The theoretical categories are illustrated by the current situation unfolding in pharmaceutical markets when developing a COVID-19 vaccine in a pandemic.

The administrative reform introduced market-based management methods that have proven effective in the private sector of the Russian Federation's Armed Forces. This innovative method of public administration was considered to be outsourcing, which was supposed to help save financial resources and free management structures from their uncharacteristic functions. An analysis of the practice of outsourcing in the Russian army showed that instead of saving money, there was a multiple increase in the cost of services received on the market, and its use in the Armed Forces increased threats to national security. There is an urgent need to find out the reasons for this problem and ways of its’ solution.

The article deals with the question of the analyzing of the evolution of the money and rent relations, the identication of the essential components of the dollar rent, the study of the mechanism assignment with the aim of identifying possible prospects of the world money development.