Громакова Виктория Георгиевна

Introduction. The relevance of this study is driven by the growing size and political activity of diasporas in Russia, which amplifies their impact on the host society and establishes them as a significant factor in national security. Purpose. To conduct a functional analysis of diasporas as one of the social institutions in contemporary Russia. Methods. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study is based on the concept of neoinstitutionalism. This foundation informed the development of the author's original approach, which allows for differentiating the characteristics of diasporas as social institutions and as organizations. The research on the social institutions of diasporas and the Russian political system employed methods of theoretical analysis, generalization, and data systematization. Results. The article provides an analysis and an author's critique of the regulatory framework governing state-diaspora interactions. It also summarizes and systematizes data from academic literature concerning the political objectives of diasporas and the socio-political practices prevalent among their members. Factual evidence from online sources, including reports from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and news channels, is presented to support the relevance of the identified trends. Conclusions. The study establishes that diaspora institutions exhibit significant dysfunctions. These include the promotion of anti-integrationist attitudes, lobbying for the interests of their countries of origin and specific ethnic groups to the detriment of the indigenous population, as well as the propagation of ethnic conflict and criminality. The article substantiates the view that the proliferation of these institutional dysfunctions is rooted in the paradoxical political status of diasporas. Despite possessing extensive rights, they have long remained largely unaccountable and beyond the effective control of the host state. The proposed solution involves improving legal mechanisms for the oversight and accountability of diasporas to curb destructive practices and safeguard the interests of the Russian state and society.

The relevance of this study is due to the existential challenge faced by Russian society in connection with the events accompanying the Special military operation. Large-scale military actions and unprecedented sanctions pressure, coupled with aggressive anti-Russian propaganda, have become a real test of the civic qualities of both each Russian individually and society. The current military-political situation could not but affect the course of the transformation of civil society institutions caused by the collapse of the Soviet system and prolonged to the present. The purpose of this study was to assess the level and vector of this influence, prospects and risks. Based on the data of scientific literature, sociological surveys and media content, adopting the conceptual provisions of neo-institutionalism and structuralist constructivism as a theoretical and methodological basis, the authors analyzed changes in social practices in the field of civil society manifestation. The results of the study showed that in the process of transformation of civil society institutions, several positive trends were clearly identified, associated with the growth of open interpersonal trust, readiness for dialogue with government authorities and consolidation. However, there are also several destructive trends that need to be kept under control.

This article substantiates the relevance of the study of terrorism as a tool for achieving geopolitical goals. The article presents the results of the analysis of scientific publications on issues related to terrorism. It is concluded that the main vector of research interests in this problem field is the social, economic, cultural and historical prerequisites for the readiness of social actors to participate in terrorist activities, and not the potential mechanisms for using terrorism in the interests of macro-political actors. Cognitive models representing the author's vision of such mechanisms are presented. The main ideas and principles of such geopolitical concepts as neoatlanticism and neomondialism, as well as I. Wallerstein's world-system theory, are used as a methodological basis for logical constructions reflected in the structure of cognitive maps.

This article substantiates the relevance of the study of the mechanisms of regulation of socio-political behavior of modern man. As a methodological tool of the study, a conceptual model of socio-political habitus as a mental structure, including a set of practical schemes of interpretation, evaluation and action of the social actor, which are updated in situations related to power, is proposed. The author emphasizes the hierarchy of habitus and considers the possibility of the existence of a national invariant in the structure of habitus, which can serve as the basis for the integration of society. Such an invariant habitual complex is proposed to be denoted by the term "national core of habitus".