The necessity of creation and implementation of the policy of efficient economic security is actualized nowadays heavily. Its’ basis should be formed by strict determination of the category “economic security” because its essence determines the principles of the policy of economic security provision. In the article the dialectics of development of the category “economic security” is traced and it is shown that its’ full essence is embodied in triad of categories: threats challenges security. As an example the case of regional economic security system of Rostov region is investigated.
