Xu Lulu

Energy is an important material basis for economic development. Under the background of increasing global climate change, vigorously developing low-carbon, clean and efficient renewable energy is the main direction of global energy transition. The article analyzes the current situation of global energy transition in three aspects: the change of global energy consumption structure, the change of global power structure and the change of energy consumption structure in different countries, and concludes that there are three major challenges in the process of global energy transition: the global fossil energy consumption accounts for a relatively large proportion, the power is highly dependent on fossil energy and the global energy structure is uneven. Finally, it puts forward some measures to promote global energy transition, such as the joint efforts of the government and enterprises to optimize the energy consumption structure. Promote clean energy technology innovation and reduce the dependence of electricity on fossil energy; strengthen international cooperation to solve the imbalance of global energy structure, thereby contributing to the global energy transition.

Henan Province is a major economic province of China with significant aggregate energy consumption. In the context of studying the problems of factors and elements of sustainable economic development, the author sets the task of researching the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Using data from 2001-2021 and Stata 15 software, it can be studied that the gross regional product (GRP) of Henan province has relatively low energy-intensive nature, since for each percentage point of increase in energy consumption, GRP increases by about 4.12 percentage points. However, electricity production is based on an expensive and limited resource, and environmental pollution occurs. Therefore, the challenge for managing the sustainable development of Henan Province is to increase its GRP while reducing energy consumption. In the process of sustainable development of Henan Province, the author recommends stepping up research and development, developing new energy-saving technologies; increase the share of clean energy use, optimize the structure of energy consumption, increase public awareness of the need for energy saving.