Асланов Яков Андреевич

Subject. Presidential elections as an indicator of internal political stability in the Russian Federation. Purpose. Identification of factors of political stability in the Russian society capable to influence the electoral behavior of citizens, their attitude to various political institutions and actors, as well as affect the results of presidential elections. Results. The processes that took place during the election of the President of the Russian Federation since the beginning of the 2000s were considered. Based on the data of the Central Electoral Commission, the results of voting for the country as a whole and for individual regions were analyzed. It was noted that the ability to overcome difficulties at crucial moments for the state predetermined certain victories of V.V. Putin in elections. Methodology. The article uses general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, method of comparative analysis, system and structural-functional approaches, statistical method. Scope. The results of the study can be applied in the practical activities of public politicians, state and municipal government bodies, in the development of general and special courses in political science, conflict science, national and regional security, political regionalism. Findings. The stability of the functioning of the structured political system and the high percentage of voters in the presidential elections clearly lie in effective action to ensure the well-being of citizens, the traditions of the national political culture.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the concept, essence, structure and functions of the electoral process as an object of scientific research in the institutional political and social field. The object of the study is the processes of satisfying social demands with the help of political mechanisms. The subject of the study is the social foundations of the effectiveness of electoral processes in modern political systems. The study of the sociological aspects of the institutionalization of the electoral process in modern Russia, carried out within the framework of this research work, allows us to draw the following conclusions. The division of social processes into political and social is a form of existence of modern science. In real life, society is a whole organism in which the social and political spheres are closely connected. In a single institutional mechanism, this connection is reproduced within the framework of the electoral process, the main function of which is to translate electoral requests from society into the sphere of real politics. At the same time, the mechanism of the electoral process itself is a set of socio-political, organizational-administrative, political and political-social processes carried out at four levels (phases), the final result of which should be the fullest possible satisfaction of electoral demands of society by means of real politics. Such conditionality of real politics by electoral demands on the part of society largely characterizes the sociological aspect of the electoral process in the structure of the political system. An important result of the possible conceptualization of such activities was the thesis that electoral processes, both in the ultimate goal of their functioning (meeting the needs of society by means of real politics), and at each of the phases of the electoral process can depend mainly on one of the two most important tasks that determine the functioning of the entire political system. These tasks are either aimed at promising socio-economic development, or at solving urgent problems in the field of security.

The dynamics, structure and main problems of the international migration flow to the Rostov region in 2014-2019 are analyzed using the data of regional media and sociological studies as an example. Conclusions are made about the state of the main vectors of the migration flow to the region and the role of external challenges in the growth of migrant phobia of the population.