Григорян Давид Кромвелович

Introduction. The article examines the role of the quality of political elites as a key factor in the sustainability of national security in the context of modern internal and external challenges. It analyzes the phenomenon of elite positioning, the mechanisms of elite recruitment and rotation, as well as their institutional, value-based, and communicative foundations. Special attention is given to the relationship between the professional competence, moral responsibility of the elite, and the ability of the state to achieve strategic development and self-preservation.Purpose. To determine the role of the political elite as a system-forming element of national security, to identify the mechanisms of its influence on the stability of the state, and to substantiate the key institutional, axiological, and communicative factors that determine the quality and effectiveness of the elite corps in the context of modern threats.Methods. The methodological basis of the study was based on a structural-functional analysis to determine the role of the elite in the system of power; an institutional approach to analyze the mechanisms of recruitment and rotation; an axiological analysis to identify the value foundations of the elite's positioning; and a comparative method to compare classical and modern concepts of elites.Results. It was established that the institutional organization of the elite directly determines the ability of the government to maintain strategic continuity and prevent managerial degradation. The study reveals that the more transparent and formalized these mechanisms are, the lower the risks of nepotism, corruption, and dysfunction in public institutions. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that the value-normative foundation of the elite plays a crucial role in ensuring political stability. A high level of moral responsibility, strategic orientation, and commitment to public service enhances the resilience of the system, while the erosion of moral guidelines leads to an increase in the state's internal vulnerability. Taken together, the research findings confirm that the quality of the elite can be considered an integral indicator of national security: the higher the professional, value-based, and communicative competence of the elite, the more stable the functioning of political institutions and the greater the state's ability to adapt to modern threats.Conclusions. The article proves that the political elite is a system-forming element of national security, as it provides strategic management, institutional stability, and the alignment of public interests. The effectiveness of the elite is determined by a combination of three factors: institutional organization, value-normative stability, and the quality of communication with society. A balanced interaction of these components strengthens state stability, while their dysfunction leads to a loss of legitimacy, managerial degradation, and an increase in internal threats. It has been established that transparent recruitment and rotation mechanisms, a well-developed training system, and a focus on meritocratic principles reduce the risks of nepotism and corruption. The quality of the elite can be considered a key indicator of national security: the higher its professional, moral, and communicative competence, the more stable and adaptable the state becomes.

Introduction. Drug trafficking in Russia is a serious and rapidly growing problem. Recently, there have been increasing discussions about the decriminalization of certain drugs or psychotropic substances. Decisions to criminalize or abolish criminal liability for certain acts are made through a process called criminal policy. This process involves striking a balance between government policy and public values to determine which acts require criminalization. Purpose. To identify the problem of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, which poses a growing threat to global peace and national security, since a significant part of criminal activity is related to this market. The methodological basis of the study consisted of: a comparative method that allows to identify trends in international and domestic practice of decriminalization of narcotic drugs as a threat to national security; a statistical method that displays the frequency of such crimes, as well as a systematic approach to analyze the relationship between threats and measures to neutralize them. Results. Arguments are made why it is unacceptable to decriminalize drug trafficking, but arguments are also presented in favor of this process in order to consider the situation from all sides and come to an unequivocal conclusion about the impossibility of legalizing narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It is shown that the growing drug addiction crisis in Russia, caused by the increase in the use of synthetic drugs, poses a serious problem for public health and, as a result, for national security. The pace of development of this problem has acquired enormous proportions, as can be seen from the research presented in the article. It follows from this that the threat to the international community and national security associated with the described problem is rapidly increasing. Despite this, some countries continue to decriminalize certain narcotic substances. Conclusions. It is proved that the legalization of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances leads not only to an increase in mortality and irreparable health problems, but also to an increase in crime. In this regard, it is concluded that decriminalization will cause irreparable damage to Russia's national security, weakening its development and increasing various kinds of risks.

Introduction. Currently, the definition of the political elite is expanding significantly. Now it is customary to classify not only managers and civil servants as the elite: an elite recruitment program is being formed, which is based on the inclusion of military personnel and, first of all, participants in a Special military Operation. On behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, the "Time of Heroes" program was created. It involves the training of highly qualified, competent specialists in the field of public service and state administration from among the participants of the Special Military Operation. In the future, graduates of the program are expected to work in state and municipal authorities. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Time of Heroes program, as well as its impact on ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation by analyzing the provisions of the documents, as well as the practice of recruiting and restructuring the existing political elite under the influence of the program implementation. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, the author relied on a set of scientific methods of cognition, such as system-structural, formal-logical and specifically sociological methods, and also turned to cognitive techniques, namely: observation, comparison, generalization. The study was based on the provisions on elite recruitment, its formation, functions and roles, as well as the main aspects of the "Time of Heroes" program. The empirical base of the study was made up of scientific publications, current statistical data on the role of the political elite in the national security system and the results of the "Time of Heroes" program. Results. The article examines the role of the political elite in the national security system, the process of its recruitment. The program "Time of Heroes" is analyzed, the purpose of its creation and the main aspects of training, the first results of the best graduates of the course and the key positions in the field of public administration headed by them are considered. Conclusions. At the moment, the issue of ensuring national security is a key one in the field of state development, the role of the political elite in ensuring it is great. The Time of Heroes program is a fundamentally new step in the process of formation and development of the elite, thanks to which structural changes in the field of public administration are taking place: citizens who defended the borders of the country, aiming at enriching, developing and preserving the state, can occupy the highest government posts.

The article analyzes the characteristic features of information wars of a political orientation. Today, information wars are an integral element of the political system, acting as an instrument of political governance. The specificity of information warfare lies primarily in the fact that the fighting takes place in the plane of virtual space. It was revealed that the worldwide information computer network has brought information warfare to a new level, becoming a powerful tool for implementing information attacks. This trend is reflected in the political conflicts that occur within the boundaries of the information field.

The article deals with the transformation of political identity and elite consciousness in the modern world. The dynamics of political identification processes in the conditions of development of information exchange of network type is problematized. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the political identification process under the influence of the newest forms and practices of digital communication. Its achievement is connected with the solution of two main tasks: 1) exposition of the modern political process and its key components (identity of the political ruling “class”, its elite self-consciousness) in the context of the development of information society, multiply increased intensity of urbanization processes; 2) study of the transformation of the process of political self-determination in the conditions of involvement of political subjects and structure in the information interaction of network type, dominating at the current stage of civilizational development. The change in the practice of political thinking and political legitimization of elites is considered in the context of urbanization processes and the development of the corresponding type of network urban “chronotope”.

The article reveals the basics of extremism and terrorism in cyberspace. Given the development of the Internet, there is a growing interest among extremist groups and terrorist organizations in using cyberspace, as a result, cyberterrorism and cyber extremism have become a potential threat worldwide. It has been revealed that information necessary for people to learn, develop, and create new ideas can be used by terrorists and extremists as a means of committing a crime. Despite the complex of measures aimed at combating this category of destructive phenomena, by the end of 2023, an almost 30 percent increase in cybercrimes was recorded compared to 2022. In this regard, it is important to understand that preventing such a socially dangerous category of crimes is a much more effective measure than combating them.

The article analyzes the problem of extremist sentiments among young people and the possibility of their prevention. It is noted that the educational environment and patriotic education are effective tools in countering extremism. It has been revealed that the problem of educational, ethnic and educational nature of preventing illegal actions by young people is no less significant. The educational process puts cognitive and professional interests in the student's mind, develops opportunities to build life plans and develop spiritual and moral ideals that determine the inner positions of the individual.

The article analyzes the formation and development of the institution of parliamentarism in modern Russia. The process and results of parliamentary elections in post-Soviet Russia, qualitative and quantitative composition of the deputy corps are considered. It is revealed that the Russian ruling elite was formed in difficult conditions, despite this, there is a consistent strengthening of the vertical of power in modern Russia.

The article analyzes electoral-voting technologies. It is revealed that the most important component of the mechanism of elite formation, as well as elite-leadership positioning, are socio-political technologies. It is concluded that the electoral technologies of leadership-elite positioning include: technologies for demonstrating real opportunities, followed by a public manifestation of intellectual strength, political maturity and organizational abilities; technologies for forming public opinion; technologies for support and support.

The relevance of this article is due to the destabilization of the political situation in the South Caucasus region. The Georgian-Abkhaz conflict is one of the ethnopolitical conflicts in the South Caucasus, which is in the status of an unresolved conflict. The Russian Federation is a strong player in this region, therefore it takes part in the settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. This article examines the impact of the Russian political elite on Georgian-Abkhaz relations.

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that after the entry of Crimea into the Russian Federation in 2014, the process of ethno-political mobilization of the Crimean Tatars intensified. For the Crimean Tatars, Crimea is a historical homeland, in connection with which they try to act as the main political force in this region. Crimean Tatars and Turkey have deep cultural and historical ties that unite Turks and Crimean Tatars. The Turkish political elite, in turn, does not miss the chance to influence the Crimean Tatars in order to strengthen its position in the Black Sea region. This article discusses the main factors of ethno-political mobilization of the Crimean Tatars, the participation of the Turkish elite in this process, as well as the main interests of the Turkish elite.

This article analyzes the information confrontation between Russian and foreign mass media and the role of the elite leadership factor in this process. The dynamics of this conflict is reflected in historical retrospective, which allowed to reveal this issue. It has been revealed and substantiated that the transition to the borders of the virtual space of political differences between the countries of the West and Russia made it possible to avoid real military campaigns. It should be noted that the information war between Russian and foreign media has a long history. If we analyze the dynamics of the conflict, we can say that today processes that are characteristic of the period of the Cold War are latent.

In article types of the political relations of the subject of the power and the people are allocated. Political leadership as a key link in the mechanism of political dominion is characterized.

In article two main ways of representation of the imperious relations are allocated: hierarchical and poliarkhical. Depending on it also the political culture at the elite and basic levels which is shown, respectively, as authoritative or democratic that significantly affects forms of leader and elite positioning is structured.