Morozov Serafim A.

The most important role in giving stability to modern processes of economic development is played by emerging institutional structures, which are distinguished by their heterogeneity. Against the background of most of them, defined as various norms, rules and agreements, a number of macrostructures stand out, which are more developed institutional structures, mechanisms that ensure the reproduction of competitive behavior and the formation of price signals within the framework of the organization of "green" financing and sustainable development, as well as quasi-market structures providing, in particular, trading in carbon units (quotas). At the same time, strategies for sustainable development in the modern Russian economy should be built taking into account national interests in the context of implementing an import substitution strategy and achieving technological sovereignty.

This article presents various greenhouse gas emission regulation methods and contains a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, illustrates their functioning principles. Particular attention within the article is paid to the emission trading systems with a brief description of the largest operating systems in the world given. Based on a review of existing publications on this topic, some conclusions were made regarding necessary conditions for their successful implementation, the effectiveness of such systems and recommendations for their development. The current state of emission regulation in Russia is described with the focus on the so-called “Sakhalin experiment” launched in 2022, that is aimed at achieving regional carbon neutrality by 2025 by means of an emission trading system deployment. This project’s roadmap is analyzed including both finished and pending steps.